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Building Materials

This document provides an overview of common building materials including their definitions, types, examples, requirements, and uses. It discusses naturally available materials like limestone, soil and clay as well as manufactured materials such as plastic, concrete, and cement. Specific materials covered in more depth include limestone, crushed stone, granite, trap rock, sandstone, quartzite, dolomite, cement, bricks, metals, sand, aggregates, glass, and plastic. Each material's composition, properties and construction applications are summarized.

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mohamedgouda52008
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39 views36 pages

Building Materials

This document provides an overview of common building materials including their definitions, types, examples, requirements, and uses. It discusses naturally available materials like limestone, soil and clay as well as manufactured materials such as plastic, concrete, and cement. Specific materials covered in more depth include limestone, crushed stone, granite, trap rock, sandstone, quartzite, dolomite, cement, bricks, metals, sand, aggregates, glass, and plastic. Each material's composition, properties and construction applications are summarized.

Uploaded by

mohamedgouda52008
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Building materials

Table of contents
What is a building Types of building
01 material? 02 materials

Examples of Uses of building


03 building materials 04 materials
What is a building
01 material?
Building material is any material that is used for construction
purpose.

Apart from naturally occurring materials, many man-made products


are in use, some more and some less synthetic.

They provide the make-up of habitats and structures including


homes.
What are the types of building
materials?
Naturally available materials: Manufactured materials:

• Limestone • Stone
• Soil • Foam
• Clay • Plastic
• Thatch • Concrete
• Wood • Cement
• Fine aggregates • Morter
Examples of building material
● Limestone
● Crushed stone
● Glass
● Concrete
● Sandstone
● Metals
● Bricks
● Granite
Limestone
1-Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed of calcium
carbonate (CaCO3).

1- Limestone can be used to make cement.


2- It is the primary ingredient of concrete.
3- It is used as a base material for highways, rural roads, buildings, and railroad construction.
4- It is used to make agricultural lime and for acid neutralization in the chemical industry.
5- It is used in the manufacture of glass, refractory, sand lime bricks and paints.
6- It is used as a lime mortar for masonry work of buildings.
7- It is used for plastering and whitewashing of buildings.
8- It is used as a lime concrete to make waterproof structures.
Crushed stone
Crushed stone or angular rock is a form of construction aggregates,
typically produced by mining a suitable rock deposit and breaking the
removed rock down to the desired size using crushers.
Granite
Granite
● An intrusive igneous rock
● Is strong, hard, and non-porous rock
● Desirable foundation and building
material.
Trap Rock
Trap rock
● It is the name of any dark igneous rock,
used in construction.
● Can be used as concrete aggregate.
● Basalt, and diabase are examples of
trap rock.
Sandstone
Sandstone
● It is a sedimentary rock.
● It is primarily composed of Quartz
● It is generally composed of sand grains
● Porosity ranges between 5% and 30%.
● Pores allow the rock to absorb water
when frozen the water expands by 9% so
it isn’t used in cold areas.
Quartzite
Quartzite
● It is a metamorphosed sandstone.
● It is primarily composed of Quartz as
sandstone
● It has a hardness level of 7. ”Same as
Quartz”
● Because of heat and compression sand
grains become welded together, as a
result, it doesn’t absorb water as normal
sandstone.
Dolomite
Dolomite
● It is a sedimentary rock.
● It has a similar shape to limestone.
● Has a chemical composition of
CaMg(CO3)2.
● Has a Mohs hardness of 4.
● Most quarries sell it as limestone.
Cement
Requirements
1-Cement should not process
alumina which may reduce
strength.
2-It should be in fine powder
3-It should be found cool when
touched by hand.
Types of cement
1-Sulphate resisting cement
2-White cement
3-low heat cement
4-blast furnace cement
5-colored cement
6-quick setting cement
7-ordinary Portland cement
8-pozzolana Portland cement
Uses of cement
1-It is used in making joints for
drains, and pipes.
2- It is used to the construction
of buildings, bridges, tank, and
domes.
3-It is used to prepare cement
concrete for various
construction works.
Bricks
Requirements
• The color of the brick should
be red or copper and uniform.
• It should be well burnt in
kilns.
• The edges should be sharp.
Types of bricks
1-conventional /traditional
bricks; size 23cm
*11.4cm*7.6cm

2-standard /modular; size


19cm*9cm* 9cm
Uses of Bricks
1-Bricks are used in wall
masonry construction of a
building
2-Used in brick lintel
construction
3-Bats of brick are used in
concrete in foundation work.
Metals
Requirements
• They should provide sufficient strength to bear the loads
coming on them.
• They should provide resistance to heat and fire.
• They should have good adhesion with cement concrete.
Types of Metals
a) ferrous metals b) non-ferrous metal
• Pig iron • Aluminum
• Cast iron • Copper
• Wrought iron • Magnesium
• Steel • Nickel
Sand
Requirements
• It should be clean.
• It should be well-graded.
• It should contain sharp, angular grains.
• Maximum permissible clay content is 3 to 4% in sand.
Types of Sand
• Natural: is obtained from pits,
riverbeds, and seabeds.

• Artificial: is formed by the


decomposition of sandstone due
to various weathering effects.
Uses of Sand
Sand is useful in various construction
activities like masonry, plaster, flooring
and concrete work.
Aggregates
Requirements
• Aggregates should be sufficiently strong.
• Aggregates should have good soundness.
• Aggregate should have good adherence with binding
material.
Types of aggregate
• Fine aggregate

• Coarse aggregates
Uses of aggregate
• Fine aggregate is used to prepare cement mortar,
lime
mortar, and cement concrete.
• Coarse aggregate is used to prepare cement
concrete
bituminous pavement, and rigid pavement.
• They are used in the construction of beams, and
columns.
Glass
Types & properties of
Glass
Types Properties
• Soda-lime glass • It cannot deform.
• Potash lime glass • It is hard.
• Potash lead glass • It has resistance to scratches.
• It is brittle.
• It isn’t affected by air and water and vice
versa.
Plastic
uses & properties of Plastic
Properties
Uses
• It is light in weight
1- To make waterproof doors, and bags.
• It is low in electrical conductivity
2- To make furniture.
• It is low in thermal conductivity
3-To make optical lenses
• It can absorb shocks
• Specific gravity of plastic is

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