Practical Research 2:

The Nature of Inquiry and Research

 1. How would you define quantitative
research?
2. What are the differences between
quantitative and qualitative research?
3. What are the characteristics of
quantitative research?
4. What are the strengths of quantitative
Let’s look research? Its weaknesses?
back…
Think & Share

▷ As a group, think of a research topic relevant to

both your interests and your SHS strand.
▷ Describe or give a short overview of how you
are going to go through with your study.
▷ What kind of quantitative research design, do
they think, will you employ in your research?
The Nature of Inquiry and Research
Our Learning Goals:

After this discussion, you are expected to have the

ability to…
1. describe the kinds of quantitative
research; and
2. classify quantitative research topics
according to its kinds.
 Experimental Design Non-experimental Design
 allows the researcher to  the researcher observes the
control the situation phenomena as they occur
 it allows the researcher to naturally and no external
answer the question, “What variables are introduced
causes something to occur?”  the variables are not
 allows the researcher to deliberately manipulated nor is
identify cause and effect the setting controlled
relationships between  Researchers collect data
variables and to distinguish without making changes or
placebo effects from treatment introducing treatments.
effects.
 supports the ability to limit
alternative explanations and to
Quantitative infer direct causal relationships
in the study; the approach
Research provides the highest degree
level of evidence for single
Designs studies.
Quantitative
Research
Designs
 Group 1- Descriptive Research Design
Group 2- Correlational Research Design
Group 3- Experimental Research Design
Group 4- Evaluation Research Design
Group 5- Causal Comparative Research
Quantitative Design
Research
Designs
 1 Is there a single or common approach in
conducting a study/research?
2 Can we just choose any design to employ in
conducting a quantitative research?
3 What are the various kinds of quantitative
research design/ How do they differ?
How can we choose the research design to
4 employ in our research?

Let’s think
about it!
 Quantitative Research Designs
Studying
relationships
Manipulating
conditions and
Correlational Experimental
studying effects

on-experimental
research

Descriptive Describing
characteristics
Quantitative Research Designs
Experimental
Types
Research True experiments
Independent
EG: R O1 x O2
variable
CG: R O1 x O2
attempts to influence a
Quasi-experiments
particular variable EG: O1 x O2
Dependent CG: O1 x O2
variable tests hypotheses about
cause-and-effect
relationships
A. PRE-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN.

▷ A type of research apply to experimental design

that with least internal validity. One type of pre-
experiment, the simple group, pretest-post-test
design, measures the group two times, before and
after the intervention.
B. QUASI – EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

▷ In this design, the researcher can collect more data,

either by scheduling more observations or finding more
existing measures. Quasi-experimental design involves
selecting groups, upon which a variable is tested,
without any random pre-selection processes.
There are two types of quasi-experimental
design
▷ a. Non-Equivalent Control Group. This refers to the chance
failure of random assignment to equalize the conditions by
converting a true experiment into this kind of design, for
purpose of analysis.
▷ b. Interrupted Time Series Design. It employs multiple
measures before and after the experimental intervention. It
differs from the single group pre-experiment that has only one
pretest and one posttest. Users of this design assume that the
time threats such as history or maturation appear as regular
changes in the measures prior to the intervention.
C. TRUE-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

▷ It controls for both time-related and group related

threats. Two features mark true experiments: two or
more differently treated groups; and random
assignment to these groups. These features require
that the researchers have control over the
experimental treatment and the power to place
subjects in groups.
 Quantitative Research Designs
Descriptive Examples:
What are the sleeping habits of
A cross-sectional survey Research SHS students in Presbitero
collects information from a HS?
sample coming from Sometimes called survey
various groups that has research, it aims to What factors affected the SHS
been drawn from a describe systematically the track choice of SHS students?
predetermined population. facts and characteristics of
a given population or area Your Turn
of interest, factually and Consider your chosen research
accurately interest or topic. Come up with a
research question that falls under
descriptive research.
A. SURVEY

▷ It is used to gather information from groups of

people by selecting and studying samples chosen
from a population.
▷ This is useful when the objective of the study is to
see general picture of the population under
investigation in terms of their social and economic
characteristics, opinions, and their knowledge about
the behavior towards a certain phenomenon.
 B. Correlational
Correlational
Explanatory Research Prediction
Examples:
research
research design design
Does wearing
seeks to school
identify
determines the variables
uniformthathave
willany
predict
extent to which two aims to describe and relationship
an outcomewithor criterion.
students’
variables (or more) co-vary. measure the degree of ability to participate?
association between two or
Your Turn more variables or sets of Is there a relationship
Consider your chosen research scores. between phone brand and
interest or topic. Come up with a Facebook usage among
research question that falls under teens?
correlational research.
C. EX-POST FACTO or CAUSAL-
COMPARATIVE
▷ derives conclusion from observations and manifestations that
already occurred in the past and now compared to some dependent
variables. It discusses why and how a phenomenon occurs.
▷ Example 1: A researcher is interested in how weight influences
stress-coping level of adults. Here the subjects would be separated
into different groups (underweight, normal, overweight) and their
stress-coping levels measured. This is an ex post facto design
because a pre-existing characteristic (weight) was used to form the
groups.
▷ Example 2: What is the Effect of Home Schooling on the Social
Skills of Adolescents?
D. COMPARATIVE

▷ It involves comparing and contrasting two or more

samples of study subjects on one or more variables,
often at a single point of time. Specifically, this
design is used to compare two distinct groups on the
basis of selected attributes such as knowledge level,
perceptions, and attitudes, physical or psychological
symptoms.
▷ Example: A comparative Study on the Health
Problems among Rural and Urban People in Region
XII, Philippines.
E. EVALUATIVE

▷ It is a process used to determine what has happened

during a given activity or in an institution. The
purpose of evaluation is to see if a given program is
working, an institution is successful according to
the goals set for it, or the original intent was
successfully attained.
▷ Example: A test of children in school is used to
assess the effectiveness of teaching or the
deployment of a curriculum.
ACTIVITY ONE • Internet availability at home and student’s
Determine the average sleeping time at night
• Social media involvement and practices of
design Grade 12 HUMSS students
• The effect of the use of <a local packaging
material> on the shelf life of a product.
• The marketability of <innovative product> to
SHS students.
• Children of single parents and their level of
Math anxiety.

As a group, decide on a researchable topic leading to a quantitative

research suited to the level of SHS students.
 How would you share to your
classmates what you have learned
from this lesson What kind of
research you are going to use if given
the chance to write a research paper
on the spread of pandemic or online
games addiction?
Summarize the kinds of quantitative research by
accomplishing the flower diagram below.
 B. Classify the kind of
quantitative research being
described in each of the
following scenario. Use the
items inside the box for
your refence in answering
it.
 1. Read about the
Assignment importance of quantitative
research across fields.
▷ G1: QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH and
ANTHROPOLOGY

▷ G2: QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH & ACCOUNTING,

BUSINESS and MANAGEMENT (ABM) and
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH and COMMUNICATION

▷ G3: QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH and SPORTS

MEDICINE & QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH and
MEDICAL EDUCATION
▷ G4: QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH and BEHAVIORAL
SCIENCES & QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH IN
EDUCATION

▷ G5:QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH and PSYCHOLOGY &

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH & SCIENCE,
TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, and MATHEMATICS