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Chapter 1

Organizational behavior is a field of study that investigates how individuals, groups, and structure influence behavior within organizations in order to improve an organization's effectiveness. It studies three determinants of behavior: individuals, groups, and organizational structure. The field draws from multiple disciplines including psychology, sociology, anthropology, and political science. Understanding organizational behavior can help organizations address challenges like globalization, diversity, productivity, innovation, and work-life balance. Models of organizational behavior range from autocratic to collegial, with each making different assumptions about human motivation and management approaches.

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38 views15 pages

Chapter 1

Organizational behavior is a field of study that investigates how individuals, groups, and structure influence behavior within organizations in order to improve an organization's effectiveness. It studies three determinants of behavior: individuals, groups, and organizational structure. The field draws from multiple disciplines including psychology, sociology, anthropology, and political science. Understanding organizational behavior can help organizations address challenges like globalization, diversity, productivity, innovation, and work-life balance. Models of organizational behavior range from autocratic to collegial, with each making different assumptions about human motivation and management approaches.

Uploaded by

ravi1992088
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Organizational Behavior

Definition
Organizational Behavior is a field of
study that investigates the impact
that individuals, groups, and
structure have on behavior within
organization for the purpose of
applying such knowledge toward
improving an organization's
effectiveness.
Organisational Behaviour is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups,
and structure have on behaviour within organisation for the purpose of applying such knowledge
toward improving an organisation’s effectiveness.

OB is a field of study
Means a distinct area of expertise with a common
body of knowledge

What does it study?


It studies three determinants of behaviour in organisation
Individuals, Groups, Structure
Applying such knowledge
OB applies knowledge about individuals, groups and the
effect of structure on behaviour in order to make
organisation work more effectively.
Therefore –
OB is concerned with the study of what people do in an
organization and how the behavior affects the performance of the
organization.
It is concerned with employment related situations, and
emphasizes behavior as related to concerns such as jobs, work,
absenteeism, employment turnover (attrition), productivity,
performance and management.
CONTRIBUTING DISCIPLINES TO THE FIELD OF OB

Psychology – The science that seeks to measure, explain, and


sometimes change the behaviour of human and other animals.
Sociology – The study of people in relation to their fellow human
beings.
Social psychology – An area with psychology that blends
concepts from psychology and sociology and that focuses on the
influence of people on one another.
Anthropology – The study of societies to learn about human
beings and their activities.

Political science – the study of the behaviour of individual and


groups within a political environment.
CONTRIBUTING DISCIPLINES TO THE FIELD OF OB
Behavioural Science Contribution Unit of Output
Learning Job satisfaction analysis
Motivation Decision making
Personality Performance appraisal
Emotions Attitude
Perception Selection
Training Work design
Psychology Leadership Stress Individual

Group dynamics Power


Work teams Conflict
Communication Intergroup behaviour

Sociology Study of
Formal organisational theory Organisational change Group
OB
Organisational technology Organisational culture

Behavioural change Group processes


Social psychology Attitude change Group decision
Communication making

Comparative values & attitudes


Cross culture analysis Organisation
system
Anthropology
Organisational culture &environment

Conflict
Political science Intraorganisational politics
Power
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR OB

1. Responding to Globalisation
2. Managing Workforce Diversity
3. Improving Quality and Productivity
4. Responding to Labour Shortage
5. Improving Customer Service
6. Improving People Skill
7. Empowering People
8. Coping with Temporariness
9. Stimulating Innovation and Change
10.Helping Employees Balance Work/Life Conflicts
11.Improving Ethical Behaviour
What is Organisational Behaviour ?
Every individual has 24 hours a day. The
worldwide research has shown that an average
person spends about 6 to 8 hours a day in sleep
more than 8 hours are spent in working and
traveling. One gets left with only 8 hours for
personal and private life with family and friends.
It means we spend 33% of life in sleeping, 50%
in working and are left with only 17% for personal
pleasures.
Therefore subject of Organisational
Behaviour deals with that part of life
which we spend in working which is
also called “On the job” life.

Our off the job life is interrelated


and interdependent on the job life
and vice versa.
Models of organisational behaviour

1. Autocratic Model
2. The custodial model
3. The supportive model
4. The collegial model
5. The SOBC (Stimulus, organism, behaviour,
consequences) model
The Autocratic Model

The model is based on the assumption that authority is


central to results. People must accept the authority of their
superiors and obey their instructions. Obedience is the main
employee orientation. Obedience on the part of
subordinates can be for respect for the knowledge and the
authority of the superiors or fear of punishment. Job
security, basic needs of a person, survival and growth
makes the subordinates to obey.
The Custodial Model

This assumes that the organisational behavior depends upon


the economic resources. Employee work for money and
desires job security. While money is the main managerial
orientation, job security is the main employee orientation.
For the basic need of job security employee offer a passive
co-operation to the superiors. The management knows
better welfare of the people & takes the role of custodian
and guardian of the people and their wealth.
The Supportive Model

The model assumes that management is leadership. The


management plays the role of a supportive leadership. The
employees are performance oriented & need support for
their initiative and drive for performance. This encourages
participation by the subordinates. The basic need of the
employee is the self esteem and recognition. The
employees need support, status and recognition for their
performance.
The Collegial Model

This model is based on the assumption that generally the


employees are self disciplined and they exhibit a
responsible behaviour. The main need of the employee is
self actualisaton. If this need is satisfied, they show
enthusiastic performance. Therefore they must be
encouraged for the participation in decision making. Team
building on the part of management is must as the team
work is main managerial orientation.
The SOBC Model
This model is based on the assumption that every behaviour is caused.
What we see are the consequences of the behaviour shown by organism
due to stimulus. This model can be diagrammatically shown as follows:
Stimulus > Organism > Behaviour > Consequences
(cause) (individual) (Actions) (Results)

The Stimulus is the cause that may be overt or covert, physical, social,
psychological, technological, environmental etc.
The Organism can be individual or a group. They have cognitive
mediators with physiological existence.
The Consequences are expressed as the results that may be overt or
covert. Positive or negative and can have effects on environmental
dynamics and applications.
SOBC model is based on the very practical philosophy of human
behaviour that: every behaviour is caused & follows the Cause-Effect
relationship.

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