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LN3 Polynomial Interpolation

Linear interpolation is a method to estimate unknown values that fall between known data points by using straight lines to connect the points. It is commonly used to interpolate geographical data like noise levels, rainfall, and elevation. Polynomial interpolation fits data with a curve rather than straight lines to potentially provide a better estimate, with Lagrange and Newton divided difference being two polynomial interpolation methods. Newton divided difference uses a formula to compute coefficients for an interpolation polynomial from a data table to then estimate values at non-tabular points.

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23 views19 pages

LN3 Polynomial Interpolation

Linear interpolation is a method to estimate unknown values that fall between known data points by using straight lines to connect the points. It is commonly used to interpolate geographical data like noise levels, rainfall, and elevation. Polynomial interpolation fits data with a curve rather than straight lines to potentially provide a better estimate, with Lagrange and Newton divided difference being two polynomial interpolation methods. Newton divided difference uses a formula to compute coefficients for an interpolation polynomial from a data table to then estimate values at non-tabular points.

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20198458
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INTERPOLATION

PREPARED BY: ENGR. HARVEY P. SAMSON, S.E., P.C.O.


INTERPOLATION

• Interpolation, in mathematics, the determination or estimation of the


value of f(x), or a function of x, from certain known values of the
function. If x0 < … < xn and y0 = f(x0),…, yn = f(xn) are known, and
if x0 < x < xn, then the estimated value of f(x) is said to be an
interpolation.
• If x < x0 or x > xn, the estimated value of f(x) is said to be an
extrapolation.
INTERPOLATION

• Interpolation is a process of determining the unknown


values that lie in between the known data points. It is
mostly used to predict the unknown values for any
geographical related data points such as noise level, rainfall,
elevation, and so on
LINEAR INTERPOLATION

• In mathematics, linear interpolation is a method of curve


fitting using linear polynomials (Line) to construct new
data points within the range of a discrete set of known data
points.
LINEAR INTERPOLATION

• Linear interpolation is useful while searching for a value


between given data points. Therefore mathematician considers
it as “filling in the gaps” for a given data values in tabular
format. The strategy for linear interpolation is to use a straight
line to connect the given data points on positive as well as the
negative side of the unknown point.
LINEAR INTERPOLATION

Often, Linear interpolation is not


accurate for non-linear data. If the
points in the data set to change by a
large value, then linear interpolation
may not give a good estimate. Also, it
involves estimating a new value by
connecting two adjacent known values
with a straight line.
FORMULA OF LINEAR INTERPOLATION

Two-Point Form: In this formula, we are having terms


as:
• and is the first coordinate
• and is the second coordinate
• is the point to perform the
interpolation
• is the interpolated value
EXAMPLE OF LINEAR INTERPOLATION

• Consider the following table of data:


Day Height
1 0
3 4 Based on this chart, calculate
5 8 the estimated height of the
7 12 plant on the fourth day.
9 16
POLYNOMIAL INTERPOLATION

• In numerical analysis, polynomial interpolation is


the interpolation of a given data set by the polynomial of
lowest possible degree that passes through the points of the
dataset.
• Polynomial Interpolation is an improved interpolation
method that tries to find a polynomial function that best fits
your data.
POLYNOMIAL INTERPOLATION

• If there are n+1 ordered pairs in the data set, the lowest
degree of the polynomial that can connect these points is n.
• Example: A data of 4 pairs can be connected by a
polynomial to the 3rd degree.
LAGRANGE INTERPOLATION

• The first Polynomial Interpolation method that we’ll look at


is the Lagrange Polynomial Interpolation. It is a method
that allows you to find the polynomial with the lowest order
that goes through all the points of a data set.
LAGRANGE INTERPOLATION FORMULA
EXAMPLE

• Consider the following table of functional values generated


with f(x) = ln x
• Find g(0.60)
NEWTON DIVIDED DIFFERENCE

• In the mathematical field of numerical analysis, a Newton


polynomial, named after its inventor Isaac Newton, is
an interpolation polynomial for a given set of data points. The
Newton polynomial is sometimes called Newton's divided
differences interpolation polynomial because the coefficients of
the polynomial are calculated using Newton's divided
differences method.
NEWTON DIVIDED DIFFERENCE
NEWTON DIVIDED DIFFERENCE

This formula is called Newton's Divided Difference Formula. Once we


have the divided differences of the function f relative to the tabular
points then we can use the above formula to compute f(x) at any non
tabular point.
EXAMPLE

• Compute f(0.3) for the data:


x f
0 1
1 3
3 49
4 129
7 813

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