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    Logarithms

    Uploaded by

    Shruti Das
    Logarithms were developed to simplify complex arithmetic calculations by transforming multiplication into addition. A logarithm is the power to which a base number must be raised to produce a given number. Logarithms allow exponential equations to be converted into logarithmic form and vice versa using rules and formulas. Common logarithms have base 10 and natural logarithms have base e. Evaluating logarithms requires looking them up in a log table or using a calculator.

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    Logarithms

    Uploaded by

    Shruti Das
    9 views41 pages
    Logarithms were developed to simplify complex arithmetic calculations by transforming multiplication into addition. A logarithm is the power to which a base number must be raised to produce a given number. Logarithms allow exponential equations to be converted into logarithmic form and vice versa using rules and formulas. Common logarithms have base 10 and natural logarithms have base e. Evaluating logarithms requires looking them up in a log table or using a calculator.

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    Logarithms were developed to simplify complex arithmetic calculations by transforming multiplication into addition. A logarithm is the power to which a base number must be raised to produce a given number. Logarithms allow exponential equations to be converted into logarithmic form and vice versa using rules and formulas. Common logarithms have base 10 and natural logarithms have base e. Evaluating logarithms requires looking them up in a log table or using a calculator.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    9 views41 pages

    Logarithms

    Uploaded by

    Shruti Das
    Logarithms were developed to simplify complex arithmetic calculations by transforming multiplication into addition. A logarithm is the power to which a base number must be raised to produce a given number. Logarithms allow exponential equations to be converted into logarithmic form and vice versa using rules and formulas. Common logarithms have base 10 and natural logarithms have base e. Evaluating logarithms requires looking them up in a log table or using a calculator.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 41

    Introduction to

    Logarithms
    Logarithms were originally
    developed to simplify complex
    arithmetic calculations.

    They were designed to transform


    multiplicative processes
    into additive ones.
    If at first this seems like no big deal,
    then try multiplying
    2,234,459,912 and 3,456,234,459.

    Without a calculator !

    Clearly, it is a lot easier to add


    these two numbers.
    What is a logarithm ?
    of course, logarithms have
    a precise mathematical
    definition just like all terms in mathematics.
    Definition of Logarithm

    Suppose b>0 and b≠1, n>0


    there is a number p
    such that:

    logb n  p if and only if b  n


    p
    You must be able to convert an
    exponential equation into
    logarithmic form and vice versa.
    Logarithms Rules/Formula

    .
    Contd..
    Contd..
    Formulas

    For more values:


    + -----

    2. -

    3. =

    4. =
    Example 1:

    Write 2  8 in logarithmic form.


    3

    Soln.
    =3
    Example 1a:

    Write 4  16 in logarithmic form.


    2

    Soln.
    Example b:

    1

    3
    Write 2 in logarithmic form.
    8
    Soln.
    1. Write 7  49 in logarithmic form.
    2

    Soln.
    2. Write 5  1 in logarithmic form.
    0

    Soln.
    1
    2
    3. Write 10  in logarithmic form.
    100

    Soln.
    1

    4. Finally, write 16  4
    2

    in logarithmic form.

    Soln.
    Write log3 81  4 in exp onential form

    Soln.
    1
    Write log2   3 in exp onential form.
    8

    Soln.
    Okay, now you try these next
    three.
    1. Write log10 100  2 in exp onential form.

    1
    2. Write log5   3 in exp onential form.
    125
    1
    3. Write log27 3  in exp onential form.
    3
    1. Write log10 100  2 in exp onential form.

    Soln.
    1
    2. Write log5   3 in exp onential form.
    125

    Soln.
    1
    3. Write log27 3  in exp onential form.
    3

    Soln.
    Solve for x: log 6 x  2

    Soln.
    1
    Solve for y: log 5 y
    25

    Soln.
    = (-2) *1 = -2
    Evaluate log3 27.
    Soln.
    2
    Evaluate: log7 7
    Soln.
    Property of Equality for Logarithmic
    Functions.

    Suppose b  0 and b  1.
    Then logb x1  logb x 2 if and only if x1  x 2
    Harder problems
    Solve: log3 (4x 10)  log3 (x 1)

    Soln. No solution
    log8 (x 14)  log8 (5x)
    2
    Solve:

    Soln.
    If log 2 = 0.3010 and log 3 = 0.4771, the value of log5 512
    is:
    Soln.
    = = =

    =
    Soln.
    Soln.
    Our final concern then is to
    determine why logarithms like the
    one below are undefined.

    log 2 (8)
    Can anyone give us
    an explanation ?
    =
    Questions:
    Log table: John Napier logarithm.
    Log(12.24) = 1.
    Method: Value = ch – 1
    table: 12 to 2 and
    then difference for 4
    add to get result:
    1. log 234.2
    2. log 46.67
    3. log 23.91
    4. log 124.27

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