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    Cephalometric Lecture-2

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    Batman 02053
    This document discusses cephalometrics, which are radiographs used in orthodontic diagnosis. It describes the components of an orthodontic diagnosis including clinical examination and different types of radiographs like lateral cephalograms and panoramic x-rays. The document then goes into detail about various skeletal, dental, and soft tissue measurements that can be assessed on cephalograms to evaluate patients sagittally, vertically, and in other ways. It also discusses the history and development of several common cephalometric analyses.

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    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Cephalometric Lecture-2

    Uploaded by

    Batman 02053
    51 views64 pages
    This document discusses cephalometrics, which are radiographs used in orthodontic diagnosis. It describes the components of an orthodontic diagnosis including clinical examination and different types of radiographs like lateral cephalograms and panoramic x-rays. The document then goes into detail about various skeletal, dental, and soft tissue measurements that can be assessed on cephalograms to evaluate patients sagittally, vertically, and in other ways. It also discusses the history and development of several common cephalometric analyses.

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    Cephalometric lecture-2

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    This document discusses cephalometrics, which are radiographs used in orthodontic diagnosis. It describes the components of an orthodontic diagnosis including clinical examination and different types of radiographs like lateral cephalograms and panoramic x-rays. The document then goes into detail about various skeletal, dental, and soft tissue measurements that can be assessed on cephalograms to evaluate patients sagittally, vertically, and in other ways. It also discusses the history and development of several common cephalometric analyses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    51 views64 pages

    Cephalometric Lecture-2

    Uploaded by

    Batman 02053
    This document discusses cephalometrics, which are radiographs used in orthodontic diagnosis. It describes the components of an orthodontic diagnosis including clinical examination and different types of radiographs like lateral cephalograms and panoramic x-rays. The document then goes into detail about various skeletal, dental, and soft tissue measurements that can be assessed on cephalograms to evaluate patients sagittally, vertically, and in other ways. It also discusses the history and development of several common cephalometric analyses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 64

    CEPHALOMETRICS

    LEARNING OBJECTIVES

    • To be able to recognize the diagnostic tools of an orthodontist


    • To know the components of an orthodontic diagnosis and the radiographs used in
    diagnosis
    • To be able to know Cephalometrics and cephalograms
    • To recognize and apply the uses of Cephalometry
    • To understand how to take a cephalogram
    • To understand the history of Cephalometrics
    • To be able to identify and define hard tissue landmarks
    • To be able to identify and define soft tissue landmarks
    • To know the different planes used in orthodontic diagnosis
    DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS IN
    MEDICNE
    DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS
    OF AN
    ORTHODONTIST
    ORTHODONTIC DIAGNOSIS

    • CLINICAL EXAMINATION
    • Extra-oral
    • Intra-oral

    • RADIOGRAPHS
    • Lateral Cephalograms
    • OPG
    RADIOGRAPHS

    • LATERAL CEPHALOGRAMS
    • OPG
    Cephalometric Study in
    Orthodontics
    SKELETAL
    EVALUATION
    Sagittal
    Vertical
    SAGITTAL
    EVALUATION
    SAGITTAL EVALUATION

    SNA
    (82± 2°)
    SNA
    • SNA - 80-84° normal range

    • SNA > 85°


    prognathic maxilla

    • SNA < 79°


    retrognathic maxilla
    SAGITTAL EVALUATION

    SNB
    (80± 2°)
    SNB
    • SNB - 78-82° normal range

    • SNB > 83°


    prognathic mandible

    • SNB < 77°


    retrognathic mandible
    SAGITTAL EVALUATION

    ANB
    (2°±2)
    ANB

    • SAGITTAL CLASSIFICTION

    • ANB 0-4 CLASS I


    • ANB >4 CLASS II
    • ANB <0 CLASS III
    SAGITTAL EVALUATION

    WITS
    (-1, 0mm)
    SAGITTAL EVALUATION
    X
    CRANIAL BASE
    MAND.CORPUS

    X
    X+7

    X+7
    VERTICAL
    EVALUATION
    VERTICAL EVALUATION

    S-N/Go-Gn

    (32±4°)
    VERTICAL EVALUATION

    S-N/ANS-PNS
    6±4
    VERTICAL EVALUATION

    S-N/Occl P
    17±4
    VERTICAL EVALUATION

    MMA= 25
    VERTICAL EVALUATION

    SADDLE ANGLE
    N-S-Ar (123±5°)
    VERTICAL EVALUATION

    ARTICULAR ANGLE
    S-Ar-Go (143±6°)
    VERTICAL EVALUATION

    GONIAL
    ANGLE
    Ar-Go-Me
    (123±7°)
    VERTICAL EVALUATION

    Y axis 66
    VERTICAL EVALUATION

    JARABAK
    RATIO

    Post. facial height x100 62 - 65


    Ant.facial height
    =
    VERTICAL EVALUATION

    ANS Me x 100
    NM
    = 55
    DENTAL ANALYSIS
    PROCLINATIONS
    RETROCLINATIONS
    DENTAL EVALUATION

    1 PP

    108 ±2
    DENTAL EVALUATION

    1 SN 102

    IMPA
    Incisal Mandibular Plane
    90
    Angle
    DENTAL EVALUATION

    INTER
    INCISAL
    ANGLE

    135±5

    131
    DENTAL EVALUATION
    U1-NA
    Angle 22°
    mm 4mm

    Li-NB
    Angle 25°
    Mm 4mm
    DENTAL EVALUATION

    HOLDAWAY
    RATIO

    I - NB = 1

    Pog- NB 1
    SOFT TISSUE
    ANALYSIS
    SOFT TISSUE ANALYSIS

    Nasolabial
    Angle 102±5
    SOFT TISSUE ANALYSIS

    S LINE

    Upper lip: 0±2


    Lower lip: 0±2
    SOFT TISSUE ANALYSIS

    E LINE
    upper lip -3±-2
    Lower lip -2±-2
    CEPHALOMETRICS
    STEINER’S
    ANALYSIS

    TEMPLATE SASSOUNI’S
    ANALYSIS ANALYSIS

    HARVOLD &
    Mc NAMARA
    WITS
    ANALYSIS
    ANALYSIS
    STEINER’S ANALYSIS

    • Emphasized not just on the individual measurements but their


    interrelationship into a pattern
    • divided the measurements into groups
    2. SASSOUNIS ANALYSIS

    • The Sassouni analysis was the first to emphasize


    • vertical relationships
    • horizontal relationships
    • the interaction between vertical and horizontal proportions.
    • Sassouni pointed out that the horizontal anatomic planes—
    • the inclination of the anterior cranial base
    • Frankfort plane
    • palatal plane
    • occlusal plane
    • and mandibular plane—tend to converge toward a single point in well-
    proportioned faces
    HARVOLD ANALYSIS
    • Describes the severity or degree of jaw
    disharmony
    • Harvold developed standards for the “unit
    length” of the maxilla and mandible
    • The maxillary unit length - the posterior
    border of the mandibular condyle to the
    anterior nasal spine
    • The mandibular unit length -from the
    same point to the anterior point of the chin
    WITS ANALYSIS

    • The Wits analysis was conceived


    primarily as a way to overcome
    the limitations of ANB as an
    indicator of jaw discrepancy. It is
    based on a projection of points A
    and B to the occlusal plane,
    MC NAMARAS ANALYSIS
    RADIOGRAPHS
    LATERAL CEPHALOGRAMS
    OPG
    PA CEPHALOGRAMS
    OPG
    • Condyles
    • Hard tissue pathology
    • Bone loss
    • Number of teeth
    • Impacted/missing/supernumary
    • Nolla stages –dental age
    NOLLA STAGES OF
    TOOTH DEVELOPMENT
    Stages of calcification
    PA CEPHALOGRAM
    GRUMMONS ANALYSIS

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