GROUP 4 PRESENTATION

ABOUT THE OPERATING

SYSTEM AND KINDS OF
MEMBERS: SOFTWARE:
John Mary Greg Loquias
Daniella Llanza
Camel Pañoso
Adams Ulysses Necerio
Lyssa Bas
Maria Nicole Olayres
The Operating System(OS) cycle: What is operating system in a computer?

An operating system (OS) is the program that, after being

initially loaded into the computer by a boot program, manages
all of the other application programs in a computer.

The operating system is the most important program that runs on a

computer. Every general-purpose computer must have an operating
system to run other programs. Operating systems perform basic tasks,
such as recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output to the
display screen, keeping track of files and directories on the disk, and
controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.

Operating system example:

Windows, Linux, and Android are examples of operating
systems that enable the user to use programs like MS Office,
Notepad, and games on the computer or mobile phone.
What is the Memory management?

Memory management is the process of

controlling and coordinating a computer's main
memory. It ensures that blocks of memory What are the 3 areas of memory management?
space are properly managed and allocated so
the operating system (OS), applications and Memory management operates at three levels:
other running processes have the memory they hardware, operating system and
need to carry out their operations. program/application. The management
capabilities at each level work together to
optimize memory availability and efficiency. The
Memory Allocation Main memory usually operating system kernel manages the processes
has two partitions: and resources of the system.

• Low Memory − Operating system resides

in this memory.

• High Memory − User processes are held

in high memory.
Process Address Space: The process address space is the set of
logical addresses that a process references in its code.

S.N. Memory Addresses & Description

1. Symbolic addresses The addresses used in a source code. The

variable names, constants, and instruction labels are the basic
elements of the symbolic address space.

2. Relative addresses At the time of compilation, a compiler

converts symbolic addresses into relative addresses.

3. Physical addresses The loader generates these addresses at the

time when a program is loaded into main memory.
This process state refers to the current status of the The different types of processes include foreground,
process in the system: background, and system processes.

• Running: The process is currently executing and using • Foreground processes are those that are directly initiated
the CPU. by the user and require user interaction. They usually
• Ready: The process is waiting to be executed and is have higher priority than background processes and are
currently waiting in the queue. executed first.
• Blocked: The process is waiting for an event to occur,
such as a user input or the completion of an I/O • Background processes are those that are initiated by the
operation. system and do not require user interaction. They usually
have lower priority than foreground processes and are
executed after foreground processes.

• System processes are those that are initiated by the

operating system kernel and are essential for the proper
functioning of the system.
What is the difference between an input and output device?

• Input devices only allow for input of data to a computer.

• Output devices only receive the output of data from another device.

Most devices are only input devices or output devices, as they can only accept data input from a user or
output data generated by a computer. However, some devices can accept input and display output, and
they are called I/O devices (input/output devices).

Examples of input devices include the following:

• Keyboard and Mouse - Accepts input from a user and sends that data (input) to the computer. They cannot
accept or reproduce information (output) from the computer.

• Microphone - Receives sound generated by an input source and sends that sound to a computer.

• Webcam - Receives images generated by whatever it is pointed at (input) and sends those images to a computer.
Examples of output devices include the following:

• Monitor - Receives data from a computer (output) and displays that information as text and images
for users to view. It cannot accept data from a user and send that data to another device.

• Projector - Receives data from a computer (output) and displays, or projects, that information as text
and images onto a surface, like a wall or screen. It cannot accept data from a user and send that data
to another device.

• Speakers - Receives sound data from a computer and plays the sounds for users to hear. It cannot
accept sound generated by users and send that sound to another device.

What is the printer? It’s a device that prints text or illustrations on paper.
Types of Printer:

a)Ink-Jet or Bubble-Jet Printer - spays ink at a sheet of paper.

Ink-jet printers produce high-quality text and graphics.

b)Laser Printer - Uses the same technology as copy machines.

Laser printers produce very high-quality text and graphics.

c)Line Printer - Contains a chain of characters or pins that print

an entire line at one time. Line printers are very fast but
produce low-quality print.

d) Thermal Printer- An inexpensive printer that works by

pushing heated pins against heat-sensitive paper. Thermal
printers are widely used in calculators and fax machines.
What is the disk drive? Is a technology that enables the reading, writing, deleting and
modifying of data on a computer storage disk.
TYPES OF STORAGE DEVICES: Some Examples of Disks:
Different Kinds Of Disks:

Compact disc (CD) – also called optical disc is a nonmagnetic, polished

metal disk used to store digital information. The disc is read by the CD-
ROM.

Hard drive- is the main, and usually largest, data storage device in a
computer. The operating system, software titles and most other files are
stored in the hard disk drive.

LS-120- is a drive which supports a special floppy diskette which can store
up to 120MB of information as well as being backwards compatible and
still supporting the standard 1.44MB floppy diskettes.

Zip drive-is a small, portable disk drive used primarily for backing up and
archiving personal computer files.
Software - is the set of instructions (also called a program) that guides the hardware to
operate effectively.

Two Types Of Software:

• Application Software are designed to help the user to perform singular or multiple
related tasks.
• System software is a type of computer program that is designed to run a computer's
hardware and application programs.
Examples of application software:
a. Word Processing Software - Creates, edits, saves, and prints documents.
Example: MS Word, WordPerfect, Ami Pro, MacWrite.

b. Spreadsheet Software - An electronic spreadsheet consisting of rows and columns is used to present and analyze
data.
Example: MS Excel, Lotus 123, Quattro Pro.

c. Database Management Software - Used to structure a database, a large collection of computer programs. Data is
organized as fields and records for easy retrieval.
Example: MS Access, dBase, Fox Pro, Oracle.

d. Graphic Software - Graphics programs display results of data manipulation for easier analysis and presentation.
Example: Macromedia Flash, Harvard Graphics, 3D Studio Max, Adobe Photoshop.

e. Presentation Software – used to create beautiful transitioned slides and animated text and images used for presenting
a particular presentation.
Example: MS Powerpoint, Lotus, Prezi

f. Web Browsers – used to access internet using the Word Wide Web (WWW)
Example: Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, Google Chrome

g. Media Player – used to play audio and video in any format.

Example: Windows Media Player, VLC, GOM Player, Winamp
Example Of System software:

Linux is a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel,
an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds.

Windows, and Android operating systems (OS) (like macOS, Linux, Android and Microsoft
Windows), computational science software, game engines, search engines, industrial automation,
and software as a service applications.
Summarized/Additional video about Operating system(OS)

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