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Chapter 2 Sequences and Functions (IGCSE)

This document provides an overview of sequences and functions in mathematics. It defines sequences as lists of elements that follow a specific pattern. Sequences can be linear, with terms increasing or decreasing by the same amount each time, or non-linear, with varying differences between terms. Key aspects discussed include generating sequences, term-to-term and position-to-term rules for determining subsequent terms, finding the nth term of linear sequences, and defining functions and their inverses. Worked examples are provided to illustrate these concepts.

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2K views11 pages

Chapter 2 Sequences and Functions (IGCSE)

This document provides an overview of sequences and functions in mathematics. It defines sequences as lists of elements that follow a specific pattern. Sequences can be linear, with terms increasing or decreasing by the same amount each time, or non-linear, with varying differences between terms. Key aspects discussed include generating sequences, term-to-term and position-to-term rules for determining subsequent terms, finding the nth term of linear sequences, and defining functions and their inverses. Worked examples are provided to illustrate these concepts.

Uploaded by

ayemyattheint kyaw
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 2

Sequences and functions

Mathematics (IGCSE)
Coursebook 9
2.1 Generating sequences
Order of the Sequence
• Ascending order
• Descending order
Sequences
A list of elements (numbers most of the time) in which the order of elements matters. The elements follow a
specific pattern
Example in real life: house numbers in a row, salary in successive years (by a fixed amount or a by a fixed
percentage), page numbers of a book

Linear sequence Non-linear sequence


The terms increase (or decrease) by the
same amount each time. The terms increase (or decrease)
by a different amount each time.

Tr Theint 2
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Term-to-term rule
Sequence of numbers A term to term rule allows you to find the
next number in the sequence if you know
the previous term (or terms.)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 . . . Term 3 6 11 18 27

Which are odd Which are even


numbers? numbers?

Position-to-term rule
Use algebra to work out what number is in a sequence if the position in the sequence is known. This is also called
the nth term, which is a position to term rule that works out a term at position “n”:, where “n” means any position
in the sequence.
Position 1 2 3 4 5
number
Terms 3 6 11 18 27
A non-linear sequence of numbers.
3, 6, 11, 18, 27, ...
The position-to-term rule for this sequence is
‘term = position number2 + 2’.

Position
number
Terms

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Worked example 2.1
a Are these sequences linear or non-linear?
i 6, 4, 2, 0, −2, ...
ii 8, 5, 1, −4, −10, ...
b The first term of a non-linear sequence is 4.The term-to-term rule is multiply by 2. Write down the first four terms of the
sequence.
c The position-to-term rule of a non-linear sequence is: term = 2 × position number.Work out the first four terms of the
sequence.

Page 18 course book


Page 12 practice book

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2.2 Finding the nth term
A linear sequence may also be called an arithmetic sequence.
You can write the position-to-term rule of an arithmetic sequence as an expression called the n th term.

Example
8, 11, 14, 17, ...
term = 3 × position number + 5
nth term = 3n + 5

Position
number
Term
nth term

Page 19 course book


Page 13 practice book

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2.3 Finding the inverse of a function
1. a function machine
2. an equation 3. a mapping

y = 2x + 3 x → 2x + 3

Page 14 course book


Page 20 practice book

Reverse the function Inverse


function.

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Thank y
ou

11/30/2023 10
References
• Haese & Harris publications-mathematics for the international students 8 (MYP 3)
• Cambridge Checkpoint Mathematics Coursebook 9. , Volume 9. Greg Byrd, Lynn Byrd, Chris Pearce. Cambridge
University Press, Jun 6, 2013 - Education

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