PROJECT CYCLE

MANAGEMENT
KEY WORDS
PROJECT

A work or service aimed to achieve specific goal/s

 Within a set time frame
 Using limited facilities, equipment and
materials
 Within a set budget
 By a group of people formed as a team
PROJECT CYCLE

the entire process of a project from planning to

evaluation Planning
(Plan)

Evaluation
(Act) Implementation
(Do)
PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Project Purpose

Outputs Schedule Inputs

Whether outputs are
produced from activities Whether project
Whether inputs are
activities are being
Whether contribute to being used
implemented as
the achievement of the effectively
planned
project purpose

External Factors
WHAT IS PROJECT CYCLE
MANAGEMENT
 The process of planning, organizing,
coordinating and controlling of a
project effectively and efficiently
throughout its phases, from analysing
its context through execution then
completion and review to achieve pre-
defined objectives or satisfying the
project stakeholders by producing the
right deliverables at the right time,
cost and quality.

- EuropeAid
WHAT IS PROJECT CYCLE
MANAGEMENT
PCM Conceptual Figure PDM Format
Planning

Narrative Means of Important

Indicators
Summary Verification Assumption
Identification
Overall Goal

Monitoring & Formulation Purpose

Evaluation
PDM
Outputs
Preparation
Activities Inputs

Implementation Pre-condition

Evaluation Implementation

 A tool used to manage a project throughout the

Project Cycle based on the PDM
Did you know?
Development of PCM was a response to
encountered problems
 Vague planning and unclear objectives
 Unclear management responsibilities
 Often not noticing the real needs of the
beneficiaries
 No constructive evaluation due to absence of
detailed objectives and indicators
PCM Process

I Analytical Stage

Stakeholders Problems Objectives

1 Analysis 2 Analysis 3 Analysis
PCM Process
II Planning Stage

Project Plan of
4 Selection 5 PDM 6 Operation

Narrative Means of Important Expected Schedule Unit in-

Indicators Activities Budget
Summary Verification Assumption result charge
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Overall Goal

Purpose

Outputs

Activities Inputs
Pre-condition
Characteristics of PCM

Logical
Consistency Approach
Common format
Analysis of:
(PDM)
• Cause and Effect
• Means and ends

Participation
Consensus and Transparency
Ownership Clear and record
process
PCM Process
PCM employs a participatory workshop style in
project planning…
A group approach where
PARTICIPANTS get a
consensus of their ideas…

Facilitated by a MODERATOR

… and visualization where

participants write down their
ideas on cards to visualize
their opinions
PCM Process
Basic rules in the Workshop

 Write your opinion on a meta card by yourself

 Write one idea only per card
 Write factual matters only
 Write prior to group discussion
 Deal fairly with anybody’s card
 Get a consensus as a goal
Stakeholders Problems Objectives Project Plan of
PDM
Analysis Analysis Analysis Selection Operation

Purpose of Stakeholders Analysis

 To identify a tentative group – the expected

major beneficiary of a possible project

 To share information regarding individuals,

groups and organizations, which may have any
relationship with the project
 Stakeholders Analysis

Procedure

1. List the names of stakeholders

2. Group the stakeholders
3. Identify important stakeholders
4. Analyze the important stakeholders
5. Select the tentative target group
 Stakeholders Analysis

Procedure
(1) List the names of stakeholders
Organizations, groups, individuals

Land Bank NGOs

Farmers
Extension workers
Mayor
Middlemen DA

Brgy Chairman
Donors Traders
Municipal
ATI Agriculture
Consumers
Magsasakang Office
Siyentista Donors
Rural youth
Rural women
 Stakeholders Analysis
Procedure
(2) Group the stakeholders
(3) Identify key important stakeholders

Implementing Funding Collaborating Negatively Potential

Beneficiaries Policy makers
Agencies Agencies Agencies affected people opponents

Farmers Mun. Agri.

Mayor Land Bank ATI Traders Middlemen
Office

Magsasakang Extension
Siyentista Brgy Chairman DA NGOs Neighboring Brgys
workers

Consumers Donors Donors

Rural youth

Rural women
 Stakeholders Analysis
Procedure
(4) Analyze the important stakeholders
(5) Select a tentative target group
Characte-ristics Problems Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats

Farmers Low income in Spirit of Small area for Unstable

100 families Open market
farming cooperation cultivation weather

Limited
Open to
1,000 people Low production technical
change
knowledge

Shortage of
water
Group Exercise 1: Stakeholders Analysis

Materials needed:
Title: Who are at Stake? • marker/pentel
Time for Exercise: 25 minutes pen
• manila paper
• adhesive tape

Instructions:
1. Choose a specific community you wish to analyse. Come up
with your own story/case to be analysed.
2. Using the lessons learned, prepare a stakeholder analysis.

Processing: (5 minutes)
Review the outputs of the each group. Discuss how the
identified stakeholders are affected by the project.
Group Exercise 2: SWOT Analysis

Materials needed:
Title: SWOT Exercise • Stakeholders Analysis
Time for Exercise: 25 minutes results
• marker/pentel pen
• manila paper
Instructions: • adhesive tape
1. Each group shall make a detailed SWOT analysis of
the beneficiaries identified in the stakeholder’s
analysis.
2. Use the template below. Processing:
(5 minutes)
Beneficiaries:___________________________
Strengths Opportunities Potentials Discuss the group’s
stakeholders and SWOT
analysis every after
Weaknesses Threats Needs presentation. Critique
their outputs based on
the lessons learned.
3. Each group will present their outputs (stakeholders
and SWOT analysis) for 4 minutes each
Stakeholders Problems Objectives Project Plan of
PDM
Analysis Analysis Analysis Selection Operation

What is a PROBLEM?

A situation which is A perceived gap

dissatisfying, can be between the existing
changed but at the same state and a desired
time difficult to change state

Negative aspect/s of Opportunity that

an existing situation cannot be missed
 Problems Analysis

Purpose of Problems Analysis

 To clarify the overall

A problem
picture of the problems
clearly being faced by the
defined is tentative target group
problem
half-solved  To analyze the entire
problematic situation
based on the logic of
“cause-effect” relationship
 Problems Analysis

Problem Tree Analysis  seeks to identify the

negative aspects of an
existing situation
 establishes the ‘cause
and effect’ relationships
between identified
problems
 the most critical stage of
project planning, as it
guides all subsequent
analysis and decision
making on priorities.
 Problems Analysis

Procedure

1. Brainstorm on all problems 4. After identifying the core

affecting the beneficiaries/ problem, all the remaining
stakeholders identified in problems in the list may
the SWOT analysis. If be classified either as
possible, list all of them. cause or an effect.
2. Agree on a common core 5. Review the diagram, verify
problem. for validity
3. Divide cards into causes 6. Complete the Problem
and effects of the core Tree
problem.
 Problems Analysis

Problem Tree

Effect

Core Problem

Cause
 Problems Analysis

Core Problem – starting point of the analysis

Stakeholders Problems Objectives Project Plan of
PDM
Analysis Analysis Analysis Selection Operation

Rules of card writing

1. Write only the existing problems

2. Write only one problem per card
3. Write clear and detailed sentences
4. Do not include cause and effect in one card
5. Avoid expressions such as “Lack of XX” and
“No XX”
 Problems Analysis

Case Exercise

Barangay Talipapa is a major rice-producing community in the

Municipality of Sta. Maria. Despite the contributions of rice
industry to local economy, the economic conditions of rice farmers
suffered recently with the low income derived from rice sale.
Volume of rice production decreased and retail prices of local
produce has been very low.

Local authorities are anxious about families who will not have
sufficient food supply from local rice produce. They also worry
about the weakening of family ties as men will have to work away
from home to augment family income.
 Problems Analysis

List of Problems

Men have to work

Rice produced is low
away from home

The family will not Retail price of rice is

have sufficient food low

Income from rice sale

is low
 Problems Analysis

Sample Problem Tree

Men have to work The family will not

Effect away from home have sufficient food

Income from rice sale

Core Problem
is low

Cause Retail price of rice is

Rice produced is low
low
Stakeholders Problems Objectives Project Plan of
PDM
Analysis Analysis Analysis Selection Operation

Purpose of Objective Analysis

 To clarify situations to be realized and means

to be taken for them
 Objectives Analysis

Procedure

1. Rephrase the Core Problem as Core Objective

2. Rephrase the direct causes as direct means,
and the effect as ends
3. Develop the upper part of the objectives tree
4. Rephrase the remaining problem cards
5. Add card (possible options) if necessary
 Objectives Analysis

From Problem Tree to Objective Tree

Problem Tree Objective Tree

 Objectives Analysis

Objective Tree

Ends

Core Objectives

Means
 Objectives Analysis

Transforming Problems to Objectives

Men do
have
nottoneed
workto The
Thefamily
familywill
willhave
not
Effect
Ends work
awayaway
fromfrom
home
home have
sufficient
sufficient
foodfood

Income from rice sale

Core
Core Objective
Problem
is increased
is low

Means
Cause Cost of rice
Rice
Riceproduction
produced isis Retail price of rice
production is
increased
low is improved
is low
reduced
Stakeholders Problems Objectives Project Plan of
PDM
Analysis Analysis Analysis Selection Operation

Rules of card writing

1. Write situations

2. Think realistically

3. Write in a sentence

4. Add possible options

 Problems-Objectives Analysis

Group Exercise

CASE: The Coconut Industry of

Sadinoman Region

Coconut is one of the most important crops in

Sadinoman Region covering 35% of cultivated
land. Aside from producing around 60% of
country’s coconut oil requirement, the coconut
industry also provides direct or indirect
employment to almost one third of the country's
population.
Despite the importance of the sector to the country's
economy, modernization of the coconut industry has not
taken place. Over the years, coconut production continues
to decline resulting to decreasing income of coconut
farmers and reduction in the local supply of fresh coconut
and coconut oils. Recently, exports of coconut products
were also disrupted.

The decline in yield is primarily due to failure of farmers to

replace aging and unproductive stand of palms with new
varieties of coconut palms. These can be attributed to
farmer’s low access to needed inputs as well as their lack
of technical skills in applying new varieties and farm
inputs. The low market price of coconut further tends to
discourage farmers to plant new coconut palms.
The present situation is further aggravated by the
presence of a pest called “Kukulisap" that infected
millions of coconut trees. Majority of these affected
coconuts are traditional varieties as they are less
resistant to the disease. Moreover, farmers rarely
apply plant protection measures.

Considering the potential of the coconut farming to

fuel industry growth, the Philippine Coconut
Authority has proposed for a loan to International
Buko Bank (IBB) to improve the performance of the
industry.
 Problems-Objectives Analysis

Group Exercise

Instruction:
1. Using the Case of Sadinoman Region, identify
problems of the coconut industry and analyze using a
Problem Tree
2. From the Problem Tree, convert problems to positive
conditions and form an Objective Tree

Mechanics:
• Each group will work on the above instructions
• Draw lots will be done on the group to present outputs
• The rest of the groups will do the critiquing
 Market prices are not attractive to
farmers

Exports of coconut products were

disrupted
Farmers have low access to needed
inputs
Income of coconut farmers is
decreasing

Farmers lack technical skills

Farmers do not plant

new coconut palms

Coconut production is declining

Local supply of fresh coconut and

oils is decreasing
Coconut palms are increasingly
affected by pests
Farmers rarely apply plant
protection measures
 Exports of coconut
Problem Tree products were disrupted

Effect
Local supply of fresh
Income of coconut farmers coconut and oils is
is decreasing decreasing

Core Problem Coconut production is declining

Coconut palms are Farmers do not plant

increasingly affected new coconut palms
by pests

Cause
Farmers rarely apply Farmers have Market prices
Farmers lack
plant protection low access to are not attractive
technical skills
measures needed inputs to farmers
 Exports
Export ofofcoconut
coconut
Objective Tree products
productswere
is resumed
disrupted

Ends
Local
Local supply
supply of
of fresh
fresh
Income of coconut farmers coconut
coconut and
and oils
oils isis
isisdecreasing
increased decreasing
increased

Core Objective Coconut

Coconut production
production isis increased
declining

Pests
Coconut
occurrence
palms are
on Farmers
Farmers
increasingly
do not plant
plant
increasingly
coconut palms
affected
is improved
new coconut
coconutpalms
varieties
by
reduced
pests

Means
Gov’t price policy
Farmers rarely apply Farmers’
Farmersaccess
have Market prices
Farmers practice plant Farmers
Farmerstechnical
lack is favorable to
plant protection tolow
needed
accessinputs
to are not attractive
protection measures skills
technical
are enhanced
skills coconut
measures needed
is guaranteed
inputs to farmers
production
Stakeholders Problems Objectives Project Plan of
PDM
Analysis Analysis Analysis Selection Operation

Purpose of Project Selection

 To formulate a basic design of the project

based on the previous analysis and the given
conditions such as time, budget and resources
 Project Selection

Procedure

1. Confirm the given conditions of the project

2. Identify the approaches (strategies)
3. Assign a name to each approach (strategy)
4. Set the criteria to compare approaches (strategies)
5. Make a comparison table
6. Select one or more approaches (strategies)
 Project Selection

Identification of Strategies

Factors to consider

• Priority
Increased Cost • Inputs
production reduction
strategy strategy • Technical aspects
• Target groups
• Social factors
• Environmental aspects
technology
fertilizer • Financial/economical
aspects
• Achievements
Improved • Others
price
strategy
 Project Selection

Prioritizing Strategies
Common Criteria 1 to 4 Scale Evaluation (4 is the highest)

• Effect on core Effect on

Strategy Core Cost Feasibility Urgency Total
objective
Objective
• Cost
Strategy A 4 Low 2 3 9
• Feasibility
• Urgency Strategy B 2 High 3 3 8

• Relevance to national Strategy C 2 High 1 4 7

and local priority
Strategy D 3 Low 4 3 10
• Relevance to donor
priority Strategy E 2 High 2 2 6
• Environmental impact
Stakeholders Problems Objectives Project Plan of
PDM
Analysis Analysis Analysis Selection Operation

How can we plan the

project based on the
selected strategy?
PDM
Narrative Means of Important
Indicators
Summary Verification Assumption

Overall Goal

Purpose

Outputs

Activities Inputs

Pre-condition
 Project Development Matrix

What is PDM?
Narrative
Indicators
Means of Important Also called
Logical Framework
Summary Verification Assumption
•
Overall Goal
• Project Plan Matrix (PPM)
Project Framework
Purpose
•
Outputs
• Zeil-Orientierte Projekt
Activities Inputs
Planung (ZOPP) in Germany
Pre-condition • 4x4 matrix

 A Master Plan of a Project

 Used as a basic reference for managing the
project
 Project Development Matrix

Purpose of developing PDM

 To design a project with clear image

 To express a project by using a common
format so that anyone can understand
 Project Development Matrix

Structure
Project Title:____________________________________ Target Group: ________________
1
Target Area: ___________ Project Period:_________ Date: ___________ Version ________

Means of Important
Narrative Summary Indicators
Verification Assumption

Overall Goal
3 7 8 10

Purpose
2
Outputs
4
Activities Inputs
5 6
Pre-condition
9
 Project Development Matrix

STRUCTURE
Narrative
Overall Goal
A long-term objective which can be attained 3-5 Summary
years after project completion

Project Purpose
A final target of a project that must
Narrative Means of Important
be realized at the end of the project Summary
Indicators
Verification Assumption
period
Overall Goal

Outputs Purpose
Specific achievements of a project
which are necessary for the Outputs
realization of the purpose
Activities Inputs

Activities Pre-condition
Actions which are carried out by a
project to realize each output using
inputs
 Project Development Matrix

STRUCTURE
Narrative
Summary
Narrative Means of Important
Indicators
Summary Verification Assumption

Overall Goal

Purpose

Outputs

Activities Inputs

Pre-condition

Relationship with the objective Tree

 Exports
Export ofofcoconut
coconut
products
productswere
is resumed
disrupted

OVERALL GOALS
Local
Local supply
supply of
of fresh
fresh
Income of coconut farmers coconut
coconut and
and oils
oils isis
isisdecreasing
increased decreasing
increased

PROJECT
Coconut PURPOSE
Coconut production
production isis increased
declining

Pests
Coconut
occurrence
palms are
on Farmers
Farmers
increasingly
do not plant
plant
increasingly
coconut palms
affected
is OUTPUTS
improved
new coconut
coconutpalms
varieties
by
reduced
pests

Gov’t price policy

Farmers rarely apply Farmers’
Farmersaccess
have Market prices
Farmers practice plant Farmers
Farmerstechnical
lack is favorable to
plant protection
protection measures ACTIVITIES
tolow
needed
accessinputs
to
skills
technical
are enhanced
skills
are not attractive
coconut
measures needed
is guaranteed
inputs to farmers
production
 Sequential order

Outputs 1 2 3 4

1-1 2-1 3-1 4-1

Activities
1-2 2-2 3-2 4-2
Sequential
order
1-3 2-3 3-3 4-3
 Exports
Export ofofcoconut
coconut
products
productswere
is resumed
disrupted

Local
Local supply
supply of
of fresh
fresh
Income of coconut farmers coconut
coconut and
and oils
oils isis
isisdecreasing
increased decreasing
increased

Purpose Coconut
Coconut production
production isis increased
declining

Pests
Coconut
occurrence
palms are
on Farmers
Farmers
increasingly
do not plant
plant
Outputs 1 palms
increasingly
coconut affected
is improved
2
new coconut
coconutpalms
varieties
by
reduced
pests

Gov’t price policy

Farmers rarely apply Farmers’
Farmersaccess
have Market prices
Activities Farmers practice plant Farmers
Farmerstechnical
lack is favorable to
plant1.1
protection tolow 2.1inputs
needed
access to 2.2 2.3
are not attractive
protection measures skills
technical
are enhanced
skills coconut
measures needed
is guaranteed
inputs to farmers
production
Work Breakdown Structure

OUTPUTS ACTIVITIES SUB-ACTIVITIES TASKS

Output 1 1.1 Activity 1.1.1 Sub-activity Tasks
1.1.1 Sub-activity Tasks
Output 2 2.1 Activity 2.1.1 Sub-activity Tasks
2.1.2 Sub-activity Tasks

2.2 Activity 2.2.1 Sub-activity Tasks

2.2.2 Sub-activity Tasks
2.2.3 Sub-activity Tasks

Output 3 3.1 Activity 3.1.1 Sub-activity Tasks

3.1.2 Sub-activity Tasks

3.2 Activity 3.2.1 Sub-activity Tasks

3.2.2 Sub-activity Tasks
3.2.3 Sub-activity Tasks
 Objectively
Narrative Summary Verifiable
V
Indicators
Overall Goal
Increased income of coconut producers
Purpose
To increase coconut production
Outputs
1. Reduced pest occurrence of coconut palm
2. Increased production of improved coconut varieties
Activities Inputs
1.1 Adoption of practice plant protection measures
1.1.1 Training of farmers on crop protection
1.1.2 …

2.1 Introduce improved coconut varieties and access

to needed inputs
2.2 Training of farmers on production of improved
Coconut varieties
2.3 Development of policy regulation on coconut
pricing
 Project Development Matrix

STRUCTURE

Inputs

Inputs
Physical, financial and human
resources needed for the Narrative Means of Important
Indicators
implementation of the project Summary Verification Assumption

Overall Goal
Example:
Purpose

<Donor’s Share> <Recipient’s

Counterpart> Outputs

- Personnel - Personnel
- Equipment - Facilities Activities Inputs

cost - Local cost

- Acceptance of Pre-condition
Trainees
 Project Development Matrix

STRUCTURE
Objectively Verifiable Indicators (OVI)
OVI
Indicators and targets to measure the
attainment level of Overall Goal,
Project Purpose, and Output Narrative Means of Important
Indicators
Summary Verification Assumption

Overall Goal
Should contain such details as:
What? - Measuring figures Purpose
For whom? - Target group
Where? - Target area Outputs
How much? - Quantitative goal
How well? - Qualitative goal Activities Inputs
By when? - Schedule
Pre-condition
 Project Development Matrix

STRUCTURE
Objectively Verifiable Indicators (OVI)
Quantitative Indicator

(1) Number
- Number of trained rice farmers
- Number of rice farmers who adopted the new rice technology

(2) Percentage (%)

- Percentage of all rice farmers trained
- Percentage of all trained rice farmers who adopted the organic
rice production technology
(3) Rate
- Male-female ratio of all training participants
- Number of Magsasakang Syentista per 10,000 farmers
 Project Development Matrix

Indicator for qualitative objective: How to quantify

(1) Rating basis

e.g. Capacity Assessment
Level Required Capacity Level

1 Able to understand instructions

2 Able to execute instructions with no mistake

3 Able to perform the tasks within the scope of work with no guidance

4 Able to propose, plan, execute and provide feedback by him/herself

within the scope of work

5 Able to understand his/her tasks in relation to others’ and formulate

plans and proposals accordingly.
 Project Development Matrix

Indicator for qualitative objective: How to quantify

(2) Scoring System

e.g. Scoring the achievement level of “participatory”

 Local government has requested local residents to submit development plan

(all: 2, most:1, only a few: 0)
 Local residents can participate in the meeting of development plan
(yes: 1, no: 0)
 The documents of planning process of local administration are distributed
(yes: 1, no: 0)
 The criteria for selection of development plans submitted by local residents
are cleared
(yes: 1, no: 0)
 M
Narrative Summary Objectively Verifiable Indicators
Ver

Overall Goal
Increased income of coconut Coconut producers have increased
producers their incomes to 70% 5 years
from project completion

Purpose
Increased coconut production Volume of coconut production
increased by 50% by year XXXX

Outputs
1. Reduced pest occurrence of Pest occurrence has reduced by
coconut palm trees 50% from the time the project was
introduced

2. Increased production of improved 70% of coconut farmers have

coconut varieties planted improved coconut varieties
 Project Development Matrix

STRUCTURE
Means of Verification (MOV)
Means of Verification
Source of information of the indicators
Narrative Means of Important
Indicators
Summary Verification Assumption

Overall Goal

Important points:
Purpose
- Data source should be:
Outputs • RELIABLE
• OBJECTIVE
• ACCESSIBLE
Activities Inputs
- If the project collects data on its
own, data collection should be
Pre-condition
added in the Activities
- be aware of costs of data collection
 Project Development Matrix

STRUCTURE
Sample OVI and MOV

Indicator
By October 2018, rice production of XXX village
increases by 10% from the present

Means of Verification
PSA Report for the period
 Objectively Verifiable
Narrative Summary Means of Verification
Indicators

Overall Goal
Increased income of Coconut producers have Economic studies of
coconut producers increased their incomes by coconut farmers
70% 5 years from project
completion
Purpose
Increased coconut Volume of coconut PCA Report
production production increased by
50% by year XXXX
Outputs
1. Reduced pest Pest occurrence has Field survey reports
occurrence of reduced by 50% from the
coconut palm time the project was
trees introduced

2. Increased 70% of coconut farmers

production of have planted improved
improved coconut coconut varieties
varieties
 Project Development Matrix

STRUCTURE
Important assumptions and Pre-conditions
Narrative
Summary
Indicators
Means of
Verification
Important
Assumption
Important Assumptions
External factors necessary conditions
Overall Goal to achieve Objectives

Purpose

External factors are considered

Outputs important assumptions if:
- these affect the project
Activities Inputs
significantly
Pre-condition - the project cannot control them
- There is a possibility that the
assumption will not be met.

Preconditions
Conditions which are necessary to be fulfilled to start the project
 Objectively
Narrative Means of
Verifiable
Summary
Indicator
Verification Important Assumptions
Goal
“Killer”
Assumptions
Purpose
 Necessary conditions that are
deemed to be unmet
 Conditions that are
Output unavoidable even by
changing part of the project
components
 E.g. DBM does not release
budget on time
Activities
 Is this It is not an

Identifying assumption No important

assumption
IMPORTANT ?
Important Yes

Assumptions
Can this It is not an
assumption be Yes important
CONTROLLED by assumption
the project ?
No
Change part of Is it possible What is the
Very Very It is not an
the project to to change the LIKELIHOOD the
Yes Low High important
avoid the effect of project assumption will
Approach? assumption
the assumption be met ?

NO Cannot be determined

It is a Killer It is not an
Assumption important
assumption

Consider the
other project
approach
• Assess the probability of occurrence for the
external factors

Quite likely but not Not likely to occur

certain = Killer Assumption !!
= Important Assumption

10 inches of
Absence of
rainfall between
Typhoons
May and October
 Means of Important
Narrative Summary Indicators
Verification Assumptions
Overall Goal
Increased income of Coconut producers have Economic studies Political and
coconut producers increased their incomes by 70% 5 of coconut economic conditions
years from project completion farmers remain stable

Purpose
Increased coconut Volume of coconut production PCA Report Coconut areas are
production increased by 50% by year XXXX not converted to
other land uses
Outputs
Pest occurrence has reduced by Field survey The weather is
1. Reduced pest
50% from the time the project reports stable
occurrence of
was introduced
coconut palm trees
2. Increased production 70% of coconut farmers have Coconut farmers are
willing to accept
of improved coconut planted improved coconut
new varieties and
varieties varieties technologies
Activities Inputs
1.1 Adoption of practice <Recipient’s
<Donor’s Share>
plant protection Counterpart> Preconditions
- Personnel - Personnel
measures - Equipment cost - Facilities LGUs are willing the
2.1. Training of farmers - Acceptance of - Local cost share budget
on crop protection Trainees
resources
 Project Development Matrix

Reading the Structure of PDM

Vertical logic
Narrative Means of Important
Indicators
Summary Verification Assumption

Overall Goal

Purpose

Outputs

Activities Inputs

Pre-condition
 Means of Important
Narrative Summary Indicators
Verification Assumptions
Overall Goal
Increased income of Coconut producers have Economic studies Political and economic
coconut producers increased their incomes by 70% 5 of coconut conditions remain
years from project completion farmers stable

Purpose
Increased coconut Volume of coconut production PCA Report Coconut areas are not
production increased by 50% by year XXXX converted to other
land uses
Outputs
Pest occurrence has reduced by Field survey The weather is stable
1. Reduced pest
50% from the time the project reports
occurrence of
was introduced
coconut palm trees
Coconut farmers are
2. Increased production 70% of coconut farmers have willing to accept new
of improved coconut planted improved coconut varieties and
varieties varieties technologies
Activities Inputs
<Recipient’s
1.1 Adoption of practice <Donor’s Share>
Counterpart>
plant protection - Personnel - Personnel Preconditions
measures - Equipment cost - Facilities LGUs are willing the
- Acceptance of - Local cost
2.1. Training of farmers share budget resources
Trainees
on crop protection
Vertical Logic
Narrative Summary
Goal Household income increases

Purpose Women start income

generating activities

Outputs Women obtain necessary

Why? 1.
skills to start businesses How?
(so that) 2. Women can access (when)
micro-credit
Activities 1.1 Business training
courses are provided
1.2 Handicraft training
courses are provided
2.1 Information about micro
credit is provided
 Horizontal Logic
Objectively Verifiable Means of Important
Narrative Summary
Indicator Verification Assumptions
Goal

Purpose
Results to be Agency/ Factors
Project results;
achieved by the donor necessary to
benefit to target
end of project evaluation sustain
group
implementation reports project gains
reports
Output

Activities Inputs

Preconditions
Stakeholders Problems Objectives Project Plan of
PDM
Analysis Analysis Analysis Selection Operation

What is Plan of Operation

Expected Schedule (Year 1) Unit in- - Detailed operational plan

Activities Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Budget
result charge - The plan to implement
the PDM

Includes:
1. Activities
2. Expected results
3. Implementation schedule
4. Inputs
5. Responsible unit/person
In summary
Analytical Planning
Stage Stage

1 6

2 5

3 4
 Individual Exercises

Instruction:

1. Using your own pre-identified projects, develop

your PDM based on your critical analysis of the
problems you are addressing and your proposed
solutions
2. Reserve your outputs for presentation with your
proposal