Internet-of-Things (IoT)

Dr. Md. Sazzadur Rahman

Associate Professor
IIT-JU
What is the Internet-of-Things?
How Does My Fridge Do That?
• You are leaving the home (sense user)
• There’s no milk in fridge (sense object)
• Use this information to make a decision (process)
• Inform user of decision (communicate)
How Does My Fridge Do That?
• You are leaving the home (sense user)
• What type of sensor?
• Distinguish between parent and child
• Identify reason for leaving home
• Identify other contexts (e.g., store hours)
• There’s no milk in fridge (sense object)
• Use this information to make a decision (process)
• Inform user of decision (notify)
How Does My Fridge Do That?
• You are leaving the home (sense user)
• There’s no milk in fridge (sense object)
• What type of sensor?
• Is milk needed?
• No milk or “little” milk? (prediction)
• Use this information to make a decision (process)
• Inform user of decision (notify)
How Does My Fridge Do That?
• You are leaving the home (sense user)
• There’s no milk in fridge (sense object)
• Use this information to make a decision (process)
• Where is processor?
• What are the rules?
• Fixed rules versus dynamic rules (learning)
• Inform user of decision (notify)
How Does My Fridge Do That?
• You are leaving the home (sense user)
• There’s no milk in fridge (sense object)
• Use this information to make a decision (process)
• Inform user of decision (notify)
• How?
• When?
• Privacy?
• Subtleness?
• Information overflow?
Internet-of-Things (IoT)

Physical object (“thing”)

+
Controller (“brain”)
+
Sensors
+
Actuators
+
Networks (Internet)
Internet-of-Things (IoT)
Related Areas/Terminology
• Embedded systems: not necessarily connected
• Sensor networks: collection of sensor devices connected through
wireless channels
• Cyber-physical systems: focus on interaction between physical and
cyber systems
• Real-time systems: focus on time constraints
• Pervasive/ubiquitous computing: focus on anytime/anywhere
computing
Related Areas
• Machine-to-machine (M2M) communications
• Internet of Everything (Cisco Systems)
• “Skynet” (Terminator movie)
“Internet-of-Things”
• Term coined by British entrepreneur Kevin Ashton, while working at
MIT Auto-ID Labs
• Referred to (and envisioning) a future global network of objects
connected specifically by RFID (radio-frequency identification)
• Complete automation of data collection
• First article about IoT in 2004 from MIT; called “Internet 0”
Internet-of-Things Vision & Growth
Internet-of-Things Vision & Growth
Internet-of-Things Vision & Growth
Internet-of-Things Vision & Growth
Internet-of-Things Vision & Growth
Cisco Commercial
Augment Existing Things
Augmenting Life With New Things
• Smart City
• Smart Car
• Smart Me (healthcare, fitness, wellness)
Example: Connected Roadways
• US DoT Statistics for 2012:
• 5.6million crashes
• About 31,o00 fatalities (26,500 in EU)
• Over 1.6M injuries
• 1trillion USD in economic loss
• 5.5billion hours of travel delays per year
• CO2 emissions
Example: Connected Roadways
Example: Connected Roadways

State of Self-Driving Car

Example: Connected Factory
Example: Connected Factory
• New product and service introductions faster
• Increasing production, quality, uptime
• Mitigating unplanned downtime
• Protecting from cyber threats
• Worker productivity and safety
Example: Smart & Connected Buildings
• Energy management
• Lighting
• Safety
• HVAC
• Building automation
• Smart spaces
Example: Smart Creatures
Example: Smart Creatures
• IoT-Enabled Roach, NC State University
Example: Fight Poverty
• Try to get more shoppers from Warden Road to Dharavi in Mumbai
Example: Smart Grid
Example: Smart Homes
Example: Smart Lighting
• Tunable light, 16 million colors
• Activated by smartphone or over Zigbee wireless
• Can serve as alarm clock
• Can synch colors to movies or possibly music

Philips never anticipated

the demand - sold out in 3
months at Apple stores!
Example: Wi-Fi Connected Goal Light
In-Home Automatic Hockey Goal Light (Budweiser)
Example: Smart Corks
Smart Corq: allows wine producers and consumers to have greater
assurance of the quality and provenance of each bottle of wine
• Bottling date
• Grape type
• Alcohol percentage
• and more…
More Smarts
• Smart bathroom cabinet for medicine
• Smart refrigerator
• Smart toilet
• Smart history (in museums)
• Smart health (sensors in running shoes)
• Smart buying (beacons)
• Smart shirt (seal wounds)
• Smart helmet (detect concussion)
•…
Enablers: Portability
• Reducing the size of hardware to enable the creation of computers
that could be physically moved around relatively easily
Enablers: Miniaturization
• Creating new and significantly smaller mobile form factors that
allowed the use of personal mobile devices while on the move
Enablers: Low Power and Low Heat
• Low power architectures
• Low power radios
• Sleep modes
• Energy harvesting
Enablers: Connectivity
• Developing devices and applications that allowed users to be online
and communicate via wireless data networks while on the move
Enablers: Convergence
• Integrating emerging types of digital mobile devices, such as Personal
Digital Assistants (PDAs), mobile phones, music players, cameras,
games, etc., into hybrid devices
Enablers: Divergence
• Opposite approach to interaction design by promoting information
appliances with specialized functionality rather than generalized ones
Enablers: Ecosystems
• The emerging wave of digital ecosystems is about the larger wholes of
pervasive and interrelated technologies that interactive mobile
systems are increasingly becoming a part of
Example: Smartphone
• Portability: carry it anywhere you want
• Miniaturization: make it possible to build device to fit in your pocket
• Connectivity: Wi-Fi, LTE/4G, cellular, Bluetooth
• Convergence: phone, camera, gaming device, movie streaming, music
player, …
• Digital Ecosystem: cloud, social networks, software development kits,
app stores, big data, standardization …
IoT Issues & Challenges
Reaction to Commercial
• One Perspective
“Coke commercial about security cameras was so cool. Let's look at the world a
little differently. Going to drink a coke in honor.”
• Another Perspective
“Ad full of hidden security-cam moments: Coke proudly proclaims itself official
soft drink of the security state.”