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L1 - Introduction To Databases

This document introduces key concepts about databases including: 1) A database is an organized collection of logically related data that can be either paper-based or computerized. 2) Data in a database is organized into tables, records, fields, and field values in a hierarchy. Tables contain related records, records correspond to rows, fields correspond to columns, and field values correspond to cells. 3) Organizations use databases to efficiently organize large amounts of data to facilitate information retrieval and decision making. Without databases, retrieving statistical data would be very difficult.

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30 views

L1 - Introduction To Databases

This document introduces key concepts about databases including: 1) A database is an organized collection of logically related data that can be either paper-based or computerized. 2) Data in a database is organized into tables, records, fields, and field values in a hierarchy. Tables contain related records, records correspond to rows, fields correspond to columns, and field values correspond to cells. 3) Organizations use databases to efficiently organize large amounts of data to facilitate information retrieval and decision making. Without databases, retrieving statistical data would be very difficult.

Uploaded by

pikemir222
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 1

Introduction to
Databases
• What is a Database?
• Hierarchy of Data in a Database?
• Why Use a Database?
• What is a Database Management System
(DBMS)?
WHAT IS A DATABASE?
What is an Database

A database is an organized collection of logically


related data.

For example, in a school, there are logically related data that must be
processed: details about students, teachers, and course offerings,
among others.

When these related data are organized and put together in a place of
storage, it forms a database.

Thus the term “database” can refer to either paper-based or


computerized database.
Hierarchy of Data in a Database
A database is composed of tables.
Each table is composed of records.
Each record is composed of fields.
Each field is composed of characters or bytes that represent
a single data value.
Hierarchy of Data in a Database

Shown here are two folders taken from


the filing cabinet.

The Student Personal Info folder


contains personal information of a
student.

The Student Grade folder contains


information about the grades earned by
each student on every subject he
enrolled in on a given school year.
Hierarchy of Data in a Database

Shown here are records


of three students taken
from the Student
Personal Info folder.

The documents in a
folder are like the records
in a database table. One
record corresponds to
one instance or row in a
table.
Hierarchy of Data in a Database

This personal record contains


the following information: ID,
Name, Address and
Cellphone.

ID, Name, Address and


Cellphone are the fields in this
record.
If we are to computerize the school database, we would need to come
up with a list of tables, wherein each table contains a different set of
information.
For the school database, we need to come up with two tables: Student
Personal Info table and a Student Grade table.
Table

• A table contains related records. It has rows and


columns.
Record

• A record corresponds to a row in a table.


Field

• A field corresponds to a column name in a table.

Field Value Shown are the first three column names (including their
values) that comprise the Student Personal Info table

“Marilou” is the value of the First name field of the 3rd


record in our Student Personal Info table

• A field value corresponds to a cell in a table.


Why Use a Database?

• Organizations create large amounts of data which


must be processed very well in order to improve
delivery of services as well as help administrators
make well-informed decisions.

• If there is no system for organizing information, then


it would be very difficult to retrieve statistical
information which the organization needs in
decision-making.
Why Use a Database?
Imagine a large school with many students. If the school does not
use any system for organizing student information, then it would be
very difficult to retrieve a student record.

Examples of these statistical data include total enrollees, total


third year male students, total students with scholarship,
percentage of dropouts, percentage of increase (or decrease) in
enrollment this year compared to 3 years ago, etc. It is therefore
wise to have a system that will organize information, whether
manual or computerized.

A computerized database approach however is the preferred


method since information retrieval is much faster. However, it also
requires investment in equipment (e.g., computer), software (unless
you are using open-source software), and training.
• A database management system (DBMS) is a software program that
can manage data that is in electronic format.

• A DBMS is also used to define, administer, and process databases


and their associated applications.
A DBMS is capable of storing, retrieving, and updating data in a
database.

Examples of DBMSs include MySQL, Oracle, Microsoft Access, and


Microsoft SQL Server
A DBMS is capable of storing,
retrieving, and updating data in a
database.

Examples of DBMSs include MySQL,


Oracle, Microsoft Access, and
Microsoft SQL Server
INTRODUCTION TO DATABASES

ANSWER LETTER B, PAGE 110.

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