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Introduction To Operating Systems.

The document provides an overview of the history and evolution of operating systems from 1945 to the present. It discusses early systems like ENIAC and UNIVAC, the development of time-sharing in the 1960s with CTSS and Multics, and the rise of personal computing in the 1970s with the Altair and the introduction of microprocessors. It also outlines key advancements like UNIX, Windows, iOS, and Android and notes how operating systems continue to evolve with new devices and to enhance the user experience.

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Bhanu Royce
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27 views

Introduction To Operating Systems.

The document provides an overview of the history and evolution of operating systems from 1945 to the present. It discusses early systems like ENIAC and UNIVAC, the development of time-sharing in the 1960s with CTSS and Multics, and the rise of personal computing in the 1970s with the Altair and the introduction of microprocessors. It also outlines key advancements like UNIX, Windows, iOS, and Android and notes how operating systems continue to evolve with new devices and to enhance the user experience.

Uploaded by

Bhanu Royce
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction To Operating Systems

By
M. BABY ANUSHA,
ASST.PROF IN CSE DEPT.,
RGUKT,NUZVID
Introduction :
An operating system is a program that acts as an
interface between the user and the computer
hardware and controls the execution of all kinds
of programs.
The purpose of an operating system is to provide
an environment in which a user can execute
programs conveniently and efficiently.
Definition :
Introduction :
Some popular Operating Systems include
Linux Operating System,
Windows Operating System
 VMS (Virtual Memory System)
OS/400
AIX (Advanced Interactive eXecutive)
z/OS, etc.
Basic Functions of Operating system
Functions of Operating system – Operating system
performs Following functions:
 Convenience: An OS makes a computer more convenient
to use.
 Efficiency: An OS allows the computer system resources
to be used efficiently.
 Ability to Evolve: An OS should be constructed in such a
way as to permit the effective development, testing, and
introduction of new system functions at the same time
without interfering with service.
 Throughput: An OS should be constructed so that It can
give maximum throughput(Number of tasks per unit
time).
Evolution of Operating Systems :
The evolution of operating systems is directly
dependent on the development of computer systems
and how users use them.
 Here is a quick tour of computing systems through the
past fifty years in the timeline.
Early Evolution :
1945: ENIAC, Moore School of Engineering,
University of Pennsylvania.
1949: EDSAC and EDVAC
1949: BINAC - a successor to the ENIAC
1951: UNIVAC by Remington
1952: IBM 701
1956: The interrupt
1954-1957: FORTRAN was developed
Operating Systems - Late 1950s
By the late 1950s Operating systems were well improved
and started supporting following usages:
It was able to perform Single stream batch processing.
It could use Common, standardized, input/output routines
for device access.
Program transition capabilities to reduce the overhead of
starting a new job was added.
Error recovery to clean up after a job terminated
abnormally was added.
Job control languages that allowed users to specify the job
definition and resource requirements were made possible.
Operating Systems - In 1960s
1961: The dawn of minicomputers
1962: Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS) from MIT
1963: Burroughs Master Control Program (MCP) for the
B5000 system
1964: IBM System/360
1960s: Disks became mainstream
1966: Minicomputers got cheaper, more powerful, and
really useful.
1967-1968: Mouse was invented.
1964 and onward: Multics
1969: The UNIX Time-Sharing System from Bell
Telephone Laboratories.
Supported OS Features by 1970s
Multi User and Multi tasking was introduced.
Dynamic address translation hardware and Virtual
machines came into picture.
Modular architectures came into existence.
Personal, interactive systems came into existence.
Accomplishments after 1970
1971: Intel announces the microprocessor
1972: IBM comes out with VM: the Virtual Machine
Operating System
1973: UNIX 4th Edition is published
1973: Ethernet
1974 The Personal Computer Age begins
1974: Gates and Allen wrote BASIC for the Altair
Accomplishments after 1970
1976: Apple II
August 12, 1981: IBM introduces the IBM PC
1983 Microsoft begins work on MS-Windows
1984 Apple Macintosh comes out
1990 Microsoft Windows 3.0 comes out
1991 GNU/Linux
1992 The first Windows virus comes out
1993 Windows NT
2007: iOS
2008: Android OS
Continued …
And as the research and development work continues,
we are seeing new operating systems being developed
and existing ones getting improved and modified to
enhance the overall user experience, making operating
systems fast and efficient like never before.
Also, with the onset of new devies like wearables,
which includes, Smart Watches, Smart Glasses, VR
gears etc, the demand for unconventional operating
systems is also rising.

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