Stain Removal - Oil

STAIN
REMOVAL-
OIL,COLOUR
MATTER,CHEMI
CAL
Submitted by,
V.Rithanya(20BFT18)
IV year-B.Tech
Fashion Technology
STAIN
 A stain is an unwanted mark of discoloration on a fabric caused due to
contact with another substance.
STAIN REMOVAL
 Stain removal is the process of removing a mark or spot left by one substance
on a specific surface like a fabric.
 A solvent or detergent is generally used to contact stain removal.
FACTORS IN STAIN REMOVAL
Two essential factors to be considered in stain removal are,
 Composition and colour of fabric
 Nature and age of stain.
GENERAL RULES OF STAIN
REMOVAL
 Identity the stain
 Classify stain
 Select reagent to be used
 Select procedure to be used
 Proceed step by step to remove stain.
IDENTIFICATION OF STAIN
 Identification of stain helps in selecting the reagent and procedure to be used for stain
removal,stains can be classified based on:
 Based on colour: For example ,a red stain can be of tomato,lipstick,nail polish,blood etc.
 Based on texture: By touching surface of stain it can be deduced –if hard it may be an egg,if
soft it may be oil,ghee,lipstick ,if sticky can be of glue and gum.
 Base on smell: Every stain has a distinct smell like eggs, madicine, food ,perfume.
CLASSIFICATION OF STAIN
 Based on source :
 Animal stain-Such as blood ,eggs ,milk ,meat etc.
 Vegetable stain –These are caused by plant products such as tea ,coffee ,juices ,furit etc.
 Grease and oil stain –These stains are from grease or some pigmented matter example –
Butter ,oil ,paint ,tar ,grease.
 Mineral stain –These stain are caused by rust, writing ink ,medicines.
 Dye stain –caused by henna ,tabacco ,chocolate ,tea ,coffee etc.
 Wax stain –Caused by nail polish ,lipstick ,shoe polish.
 Acidic stain –These include vinegar ,perspiration ,urine ,medicines etc.
CLASSIFICATION OF STAIN
 Based on degree of absorption :
 Absorbed stain –The stain which penetrate the fabric completely like ink ,tea ,coffee ,syrup.
 Built up –These stain which leave residue on top of fabric like lipstick, nalipolish,chewing
gum ,chocolate.
 Compound –When it is combination of both of above.
STAIN REMOVING AGENT
 There are five main stain removing agents :
 Organic solvents
 Acids
 Alkalis
 Bleaches
 Enzyme
 Organic solvent : These dissolve grease and require care because they are inflammable and harmful if
inhaled.Generally,it does not harm any fibers or dyes.When using ,an absorbent cloth should be placed
underneath and work from the outside of the stain inwards.
 Example- Flammable :Benzene,Acetone,Amyl acetate,white sprit.
Nonflammable :carbon tetrachloride (Cc14),trichloroethylene.

These take out stain like chewing gum,grease,oil paints ,lipstick ,ball point ink etc.
Acids :Dilute acids can be used on most white fabrics but most coloured ones get affected .They affect all
animals fibre.It is always better to use weak acidic solution several times than using stronger acetic
solution .After treatment, wash using detergent or thorough rinsing should be done.
Example: Acetic acids, citric acids ,oxalic acids.
 Acids remove metal stain (specially iron molude, rust and iron stain)
 Alkalis:Alaklis remove old and heavy vegetables stain from white linen or cotton effectively. Animal
fibre may be adversely affected by it.
 Example-soda ,borax.
 Bleaches:Bleaching is the process in which a coloured substance is changed into a colorless one,
bleaching weakness fabric hence extreme care should be taken.
Oxidizing bleaches liberate oxygen from the stain and render it colourless. Most commonly used is
sodium hypo chlorite. It removes obstinate stains in white cotton and linen but it `fixes´ iron stains.
Hydrogen peroxide is slower acting and is used white fabric. Sodium per borate is the bleaches present in
most detergent and safe on most fabrics.
Reducing bleaches remove oxygen from the stain and add hydrogen to the coloured satin rendering
it colourless. Sodium hydrosulphite is the most commonly used one. It is used on white clothes for removal
of iron stains and stripping dyes.
 Enzymes: Enzymes like powdered pepsin are used to remove protein stains like egg, perspiration ,blood
etc.At a temperature of 40-50 degrees.
STAIN REMOVAL METHODS
According to mode of action:
A)Solvent action – Here solvent or water is able to dissolve the stain like ball point ink stain.
B)Mechanical action-This dislodge the stain without dissolving it.
C)Chemical action-Chemical produce an oxidation or reduction reaction which helps to remove
the stain.
D)Absorption-Certain powders such as fullers earth are able to absorb the stain like grease and
oil.
STAIN REMOVAL METHODS
According to method of application :
A)Drop method-The stained part of the fabric is stretched and small drops of stain removal
agents are poured on it with a dropper.
B)Dip method-The stained area of the fabric is immersed in the stain remover solution .This is
the ideal method when stain in large or if three are many spots on the fabric.
C)Steam method-Stain on wool, silk or any coloured fabric can be removed by steaming. The
stained area is saturated with steam by spreading the cloth over a basin half filled with hot
water into which a small amount of appropriate removal agent has been placed.
D)Sponge method-The stain removal agent is applied on the stained area of the fabric with a
sponge. This is the most frequently used method of stain removal.
STAIN REMOVAL
TECHNIQUES
 There are six stain removal techniques,
 Protein stain –Baby food ,Milk , blood ,cream ,Egg.
 Tannin stain –Alcoholic beverage ,Beer ,Berries ,coffee ,tea.
 Oil based stains –Hair oil, lotion, butter, grease ,cooking oil.
 Dye stain-Cherry ,felt tip pen.
 Combination stain- Ball point pen ,tar, wax.
 Others –Rust ,metallic.
STAIN REMOVAL OIL
 These stain are built up stain and can be used only by the use of hard removal substance like
an acrosol petroleum based solvent pre treatment spray or a pump type detergent based spray
is used on an oil stain surface. even heavy duty liquid detergent are more useful to remove oil
stain.
STAIN REMOVAL COLOUR
MATTER
 Removing colour stain from clothes pour 3drops to 4 drops of liquid detergent on the stained
area directly and rub with your fingers, Let it settle for 10 to 15 minutes.
 Washing the stain- Hold this stained area under running cold water to get rid of the stain.
STAIN REMOVAL CHEMICALS
 Acetic acid (10%)
 Acetone
 Alcohol(70%)
 Amyl acetate
 Oxalic acid
 Sodium thiosulfate
 Turpentine
ADVANTAGE OF STAIN
REMOVAL
 Effective removal of stain
 Restoring the appearance of the material
 Cost effective
 Convenience
DISADVANTAGE OF STAIN
REMOVAL
 Potential damage to the material
 Multiple attempt may be required
 Harmful chemicals
 Ineffectiveness on stubborn stain
 Time consuming
THANK YOU🙂

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STAIN

Nonflammable :carbon tetrachloride (Cc14),trichloroethylene.

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