AIRPORT SERVICES & FACILITIES

What is an AIRPORT?

 A public facility where aircraft can take off and land.

 Consists of runways, taxiways, aprons and other facilities.
 Usually owned and/or operated by the national
government.
 Private airports
Airport
 An airport is a location where aircraft such as fixed-
wing aircraft, helicopters, take off and land.
 Aircraft may be stored or maintained at an airport.
 An airport consists of at least one surface such as
runway for a plane to take off and land, a helipad, or
water surface for takeoffs and landings, and often
includes buildings such as control towers, hangars
and terminal buildings.
The Airport
 The three most important factors influencing the general
location of airports are :
 geographical features
 distribution of population
 availability of ground transport.
 The number and type of aircraft required to carry the
traffic governs the size of an airport.
 Its capacity is related to the surrounding airspace by the
orientation of its runways creating certain traffic
patterns.
Airport layout

The general layout of an airport depends on many

variables :
 Construction problems (swamp areas, city boundaries,
etc),
 environmental considerations, including noise
abatement, and most importantly, the weather.
 When an airport is being constructed, the weather
records over a long period of time are consulted, to
determine a number of operating factors.
Airport layout

 Prevailing winds are a major factor in airport design, as

well as the worst conditions experienced.

 If the winds are frequently from a given direction during

a particular type of weather, a secondary runway may be
considered to increase airport availability.
Airport layout

 Another issue is the "target audience", or "critical

aircraft“:
 Who is going to use the airport?
 What types of aircraft will serve it?
 What is the longest runway length required for take-
off and landing of the various aircraft expected?
 What level of accessibility is desired? .
Airport layout

 All of these questions have a large bearing on the

dimensions of the runways at design time.
 If the airport is likely to be serviced by light aircraft,
there would be little to be gained by building a 12,000
foot runway.
 However, if A380 OR B747's are the target customer,
and the airport elevation is high, and the weather is
often quite hot, a longer runway will be needed to serve
the aircraft.
AIRPORT STRUCTURES

AIRSIDE AREAS:
 Runways
 Taxiways
 Ramps / apron
Runways
 A runway (RWY) is a strip of land on an airport, on which
aircraft can take off and land.
 A runway is the area where an aircraft lands or takes off.
 It can be grass, or packed dirt, or a hard surface such as
asphalt or concrete.
 Runways have special markings on them to help a pilot in
the air to tell that it is a runway (and not a road) and to
help them when they are landing or taking off.
 Simply put, a runway is a strip of land where aircraft
take-off and land. It forms an integral part of an airport’s
aircraft movement area.
Runway numbers

 Runways are numbered between 01 and 36. The number

indicates the runway’s heading. On a compass North is
360°, East is 90° South is 180° and West is 270°.
 You cannot have a runway zero. The two digit number is
essentially 1/10th of the magnetic heading of the runway
±5° i.e. one digit per ten degrees.
 A runway pointing to the north with a heading from 355°
to 004° will be generally given the number 36 (1/10th of
360° ±5°), similarly runway 09 points east (85°~94°),
runway 18 is south (175°~184°), and runway 27 points
west (265°~274°).
 Since a runway can be normally used in two directions (there
are always exceptions), it will have a second number which
will always differ by 18 (180° or half way across the
compass).
 In Tunisia almost all airports have a North east-South west
runways.
 For better clarity in radio communications, each digit of a
runway number is pronounced individually i.e. runway three
six, runway two seven, etc. In case of runways with a single
digit number, a leading zero is added, for example runway
zero niner.
Left, Right, Centre?

 When an airport has two or three parallel

runways pointing in the same direction, each
runway is identified by appending Left (L), Right
(R) and if there is a third runway, Centre (C), to
the number
 For exampleDallas International airport, has
Runways One Seven Left (17L), One Seven Centre
(17C), and One Seven Right (17R).
 More than three parallel runways?

 Certain ultra-large airports most notably Atlanta (ATL), Los

Angeles (LAX) and Dallas (DFW) have more than three
parallel runways.
 In such cases the traditional left, centre, right designations
cannot be used and the runway identifiers are shifted by 10
degrees or 1 digit on the runway number).
 At Dallas-Fort Worth, there are five parallel runways,
named 17L, 17C, 17R (on the east side of the airport), and
18L, and 18R (on the west side of the airport), even though
all five runways are oriented at a heading of 175.4°.
How is runway orientation decided?

 For normal fixed-wing aircraft it is advantageous to

perform take-offs and landings into the wind to increase
the speed of air over the wings which reduces the actual
take-off or landing distance needed. Thus, runway
orientations are decided on the historical winds and
directions.
 If the winds are more variable in direction and the airport
is large enough to financially justify the investment,
airports can have several runways in different directions,
so that a runway can be selected that is most nearly
aligned with the wind.
 Runway lengths and widths

 Runway dimensions vary greatly. However a typical runway

is about 10,000 ft long. Bigger jets and fighter aircraft
require longer runways.
 The width of the runway is dictated by the largest aircraft
the airport would like to handle.
 Passenger jetliners are classified based on the width of
their wings, and undercarriage width.
 Jetliners classification

 Code C (single aisle Airbus A320, Boeing 737 family),

 Code D (twin aisle Airbus A330, 340, Boeing 767, 777),
 Code E (Boeing 747)
 Code F (Airbus A380 and Antonov An-124, An-225).
 Code F aircraft require runways to be at least 60m wide
with another 7.5m of shoulders on each side i.e. 75m wide.
There should also be no obstruction for a minimum 77.5m
on either side of the runway
Runways

 Runways may have other markings besides the end

number on them.
 They may have white stripes down the middle of
them, and solid white lines on the edges.
 The most important thing for you to remember
about a runway is that it is meant for aircraft use, so
you should never drive your vehicle on it, unless you
are authorized to do so.
Taxiway & A/C Stands

A taxiway is a path on an airport connecting

runways with ramps, hangars, terminals and other
facilities. They mostly have hard surface such
as asphalt or concrete, although smaller airports
sometimes use gravel or grass.
 An aircraft Stand is a portion of an apron
designated as a taxiway and intended to provide
access to aircraft stands only.
hangar apron
 AIRPORT STRUCTURES

LAND SIDE:
 Public transport
stations
 Access Roads
 Parkings
 TYPES OF AIRPORTS

 Towered
 Non-Towered

 The TOWER controls the

air traffic and monitors
the departure / arrival of
aircrafts
 Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided by ground-
based controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and in
the air.
Concourse / Terminal
 Concourse / Terminal
 An airport terminal is a building at an airport where
passengers transfer between ground transportation and the
facilities that allow them to board and disembark from
aircraft.
 Within the terminal, passengers purchase tickets, transfer
their luggage, and go through security.
 The buildings that provide access to the airplanes (via gates)
are typically called concourses. However, the terms
"terminal" and "concourse" are sometimes used
interchangeably.
IMMIGRATION

 Responsible for the

ADMISSION and
REMOVAL of travelers
entering the country.
 AIRPORT CUSTOMS

 An authority or agency
responsible for the
collection of duties & for
controlling the flow of
people, animals & goods
in and out of the country.
PRE-SECURITY ZONES

 Check-In Counters
 Retail Stores and Restaurants
POST SECURITY ZONES

 Duty Free Shops

 Airport Lounges
 Baggage Claim
PASSENGER FACILITIES

 Banks, Money Changers, &

ATMs
 Baggage Handling Services
(Portage)
 Public Telephone Booths
 Medical Clinics
 Postal Services
 Parking
PASSENGER FACILITIES

 Special Assistance Services;

 Tourist Information
 Ground Transportation
Services
AIRPORT AREAS
AIRPORT AREAS
INSIDE THE AIRPORT
INSIDE THE AIRPORT
INSIDE THE AIRPORT
INSIDE THE AIRPORT
Chocks
TOW TRUCK

TOW BAR

PUSHBACK TUG
TOW BAR / PUSHBACK PINS
MARSHALLER AND FOLLOW ME VAN
CRASH TENDER / FOAM TENDER / FIRE ENGINE
FUEL (REFUELING) TRUCK / REFUELER
FUEL DISPENSER / PUMP VEHICLE
AIRSTAIRS / MOBILE PASSENGER STAIRS
BAGGAGE TRUCK (TRAIN) / BAGGAGE TRAILER
BAGGAGE CARTS
Belt Loader / Conveyor belt
TOWABLE POWER UNIT
CATERING TRUCK
Container transporter
Lavatory Service Truck
Deicer
END OF PRESENTATION

Have a nice day!