Automatic Solar Tracker

COA ASSIGNMENT
TOPIC:
AUTOMATIC SOLAR TRACKER
GROUP:3 ROLL NO: 29 TO 42
SUBMITTED TO: ACHYUTH SARKAR
DATE OF SUBMISSION: 25 MAY,2023

1. Abstract
The project deals with use of alternative energy resource for power generation which can be used to supply
power in domestic application. Solar energy is a very large, inexhaustible source of energy and Green Energy
System. Solar energy has a major advantage for no impure outlets but problem associated with solar is less
efficiency and high cost. The power from the sun intercepted by the earth is approximately 1.8x1011MW,
which is many thousand times larger than the present consumption rate on the earth of all commercial
energy sources. Solar tracking system can be used as a power generating method from sunlight. This
method of power generation is simple and is taken from natural resource. This needs only maximum
sunlight to generate power. This project presents for power generation and sensor based solar tracking
system to utilize the maximum solar energy through solar panel by setting the equipment to get maximum
sunlight automatically in real time. This proposed system is tracking for maximum intensity of light. When
there is decrease in intensity of light, this system automatically changes its direction to get maximum
intensity of light. The proposed method is to design an electronic circuit to sense the intensity of light and
control the DC motor driver for the panel movement, and construct a Buck- Boost converter for to step up
and step-down the voltage, and store the maximum utilized output voltage in Lead-Acid Battery.
2.INTRODUCTION
The need for renewable energy is the energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind,
rain, tides and geothermal heat. These resources are renewable and can be naturally replenished. Therefore,
for all practical purposes, these resources can be considered to be inexhaustible, unlike dwindling
conventional fossil fuels. The global energy crunch has provided a renewed impetus to the growth and
development of clean and renewable energy sources. Clean Development Mechanisms (CDMs) are being
adopted by organizations all across the globe. Apart from the rapidly decreasing reserves of fossil fuels in the
world, another major factor working against fossil fuels is the pollution associated with their combustion.
Contrastingly, renewable energy sources are known to be much cleaner and produce energy without the
harmful effects of pollution unlike their conventional counterparts.
Break down of energy consumption pattern in India
3.Technical skills
1. Electrical Engineering: Understanding of circuits, power systems, and

electronic components.
2. Programming: Proficiency in languages like C/C++ or Python for
software development.
3. Mechanical Engineering: Knowledge of mechanical systems, motors, and
control mechanisms.
4. Data Analysis: Ability to analyze and interpret data collected from the
solar tracker system.
4. METHODOLOGY
•System Design: Designing a solar tracker system consisting of sensors, actuators, and a control
unit.
•Sensor Selection: Choosing appropriate sensors to measure sunlight intensity and panel position.
•Actuator Selection: Selecting suitable actuators such as servo motors to control the movement of
solar panels.
•Control Algorithm: Developing an algorithm to process sensor data and control the movement of
the solar panels.
•Hardware Implementation: Building the physical components and assembling the solar tracker
system.
•Software Development: Writing code to interface with sensors, actuators, and implement the
control algorithm.
•Testing and Calibration: Conducting tests to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the solar
tracker system.
•Data Collection: Collecting data on solar panel output and position for analysis.
Solar panel
Light sensors
Microcontroller
/processor
Positioning system
actuators
Basic review of methodology of solar tracker

1.Solar Panel: This is the component that captures sunlight and converts it into electrical
energy.
2.Light Sensors: These sensors measure the intensity of light falling on them. They are
typically placed on the solar panel or nearby to detect the direction and intensity of
sunlight.
3.Microcontroller/Processor: This device receives inputs from the light sensors, processes
the data, and determines the optimal position for the solar panel based on the position of
the sun.
4.Positioning System: This system controls the movement of the solar panel. It can be
implemented using motors, gears, or other mechanisms to adjust the panel's orientation.
5.Actuators: These are the devices responsible for physically moving the solar panel. The
microcontroller/processor sends signals to the actuators based on the calculated optimal
position, causing the solar panel to align itself with the sun.
4. Result and Analysis
•Sunlight Intensity Measurement: Analyzing the sensor data to determine the intensity of
sunlight throughout the day.
•Panel Position Tracking: Assessing the accuracy of the solar tracker in aligning the panels
with the sun.
•Power Output Comparison: Comparing the power output of the solar panels with and
without the tracker system.
•Efficiency Evaluation: Calculating the efficiency improvement achieved by the solar
•Sunlight Intensity Profiles: Graphical representation of the intensity of sunlight measured
tracker.
at different times of the day.
•Panel Position Tracking Results: Analysis of the accuracy of the solar tracker system in
following the sun's movement.
•Power Output Comparison: Comparison of the power output between the solar panels
with and without the tracker system.
•Efficiency Improvement: Calculation and evaluation of the percentage increase in
efficiency achieved by the solar tracker system.
5.conclusion
•Summary: Recapitulation of the project objectives and the successful implementation of the
automatic solar tracker system.
•Achievements: Discussion of the technical skills developed, challenges faced, and lessons
learned during the project.
•Future Scope: Suggestions for further improvements in the solar tracker system, including
additional features or enhancements.
THANK YOU

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COA ASSIGNMENT

SUBMITTED TO: ACHYUTH SARKAR

DATE OF SUBMISSION: 25 MAY,2023

1. Electrical Engineering: Understanding of circuits, power systems, and

Basic review of methodology of solar tracker

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