Graphs

and
Charts
1
Types of Graphs
1. Vertical line graph
This is a graphical representation of
“discrete frequency distribution” in which
the height of the straight line represents the
magnitude of a variables.

2
 Types of Graphs (Contd. . . .)

Example 1:-The test score of a sample of students at

HiLCoE for the course CC 234 in Winter 2022 term.
The test score of a sample of students at HiLCoE for the course CC
234 in Winter 2022 term.

24
Number of students

20
16

12

11
8

7
4
2

1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Scores
 Types of Graphs (Contd. . . .)

Example 2:-The following table refers to the marital

status of the sample of Alpha Garment Factory. Draw a
vertical line graph which represents the given data.

Marital status Single Married Divorced Widowed Legally

registered
couples
Number of employees 26 43 11 8 5
Types of Graphs (Contd. . . .)
Marital staus of employees of a sample of Alpha Garment
Factory
50
45

43
40
35
30
26

25
20
15

11
10
8
5

5
0
S in gle Married D ivorced Wid ow ed L egally registered
cou p les
 Types of Graphs (Contd. . . .)

Example 3:-The following table refers to the average

minimum temperature (in  C) of the city of Addis Ababa
in 2013 (Ethiopian Calendar). Draw a vertical line graph
which represents the given data.

Month Mes Tik Hid Tah Tir Yek Meg Miaz Gin Sen Ham Neh

Temp 10.7 8.7 6.7 7 7.4 8.7 10.5 11.1 10.8 10.6 11.1 11
Types of Graphs (Contd. . . .)
The Minimum Average Temprature (in C) of Addis
Ababa in 2013 (Ethiopian Calendar)
12
11.1 11.1 11
10.7 10.8 10.6
10.5
Average Minimum Temprature

10

8.7 8.7

8
7.4
7
6.7

0
Meskere Tikemt Hidar Tahesas Tir Yekatit Megabit Miazia Ginbot Sene Hamle Nehasse
m

Month
Types of Graphs (Contd. . . .)

The average temperature of sample of UK cities in the

month of June 2021
Types of Graphs (Contd. . . .)

2. line graph
This is a graph, which represents the
relationship between time (on the
horizontal axis) and value of a variable (on
the vertical axis). It shows the change of
values of the variable through time.
9
Types of Graphs (Contd. . . .)
Example 1. The following table refers to the target to
export coffee and the result achieved in Ethiopia for the
last five years. Draw a line graph which represents the
given data.
Year (In Ethiopian Calendar) 200 200 200 2010 2011
7 8 9
Target (In 1,000 Metric Tones) 504 608 726 871 1,103
Achived (In 1,000 Metric Tones) 391 417 423 438 444
Types of Graphs (Contd. . . .)
The target to export coffee and the result achieved in
1,200,000
Ethiopia for the last five years.

1,000,000
Export of Cofee (In Tones)

800,000

600,000

400,000

200,000

0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Year (In Ethiopian Calendar)

Target (In Tones)
Achieve (In Tones)
Types of Graphs (Contd. . . .)
The target to export coffee and the result achieved in Ethiopia
for the last five years. 1,103,000
1,200,000
Export of Cofee (In Tones)

871,000
1,000,000
726,000
800,000
608,000

504,000
600,000

400,000
391,000 423,000 438,000 444,000
417,000
200,000

0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Year (In Ethiopian Calendar)

Target (In Tones) Achieve (In Tones)
12
Types of Graphs (Contd. . . .)
The target to export coffee and the result achieved in Ethiopia for the last five years.

1,100,000
Export of Cofee (In Tones)

900,000

700,000

500,000

300,000

100,000
Year (In Ethiopian Calendar)
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Target (In Tones) 504000 608000 726000 871000 1103000

Achieve (In Tones) 391000 417000 423000 438000 444000

13
Types of Graphs (Contd. . . .)

3. Bar Chart
A bar chart is a set of equally spaced bars where
each bar is representing a certain category
having height equal to the amount in that
category.

14
Types of Charts (Contd. . . .)
i. Simple bar chart
A simple bar chart represents a single set of data
classified in different categories.
A bar chart presents data in a manner similar to a
histogram.

15
Types of Graphs (Contd. . . .)

The main difference is that the bar chart need

not show frequencies on the axis, but may
express the data in absolute amounts or even
percentage.
Types of Charts (Contd. . . .)

Also, the bars may be presented:

Horizontally (usually used for qualitatively or
geographically classified data) and Vertically.

Example1:- The number of students passed in a

certain test taken out of ten.

17
Types of Charts (Contd. . . .)
Horizontal bar graph presenting Number of students passed in different subjects

ICT Fundamentals 90

Programing I 60
Subjects

Sophomore English 88

Calculus I 65

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Number of students
 Types of Charts (Contd. . . .)

Example2:- Sample data collected to identify student’s

favorite movies.
Sample data collected to identify student’s favorite movies.
70 66

60
Number of students

52
50
44
40
30
30 25
20

10

0
Comedy Action Romance Drama Science Fiction

Favorite movies
Types of Charts (Contd. . . .)
 Example3:- Population growth of Ethiopia (in m,illions) in
25 years.
Population growth of Etiopia (in millions) in 25 years
120
Population (in millions)

101
100
89
78
80
67
58
60
49
40

20

0
1983 1988 1993 1998 2003 2008

Years (in Ethiopian calendar)

20
Types of Charts (Contd. . . .)
ii. Multiple bar chart
This is a bar chart where a group of bars
represent two or more inter related data in each
category.
Example 1:- The import and export of a country for
the last five years.

21
Types of Charts (Contd. . . .)
The import and export of a country for the last five years.
14000

12000

10000
Import Export

8000

6000

4000

2000

0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Years (In Ethiopian Calendar)

Import Series2 Export

22
Types of Charts (Contd. . . .)
Example 2:- The population growth of the sample of
five countries.
The population growth of the sample of five countries
81 83
90 79 80
72
Population (in millions)

80
63 62 64
70 61 60 58
52 54 52
60 50

50
40
30
20
10
0
France United Kingdom Mexico Nigeria Pakistan

Country
1980 1990 2000
Types of Charts (Contd. . . .)

iii. Subdivided (Component) bar chart

This is a diagram where each bar represents
the cumulative of two or more categories.
Example 1:- The number of students in a
sample from three different universities with
respect to their blood group.

24
Types of Charts (Contd. . . .)
The number of students in a sample from three different
universities with respect to their blood group.
200
180
160
Number of students

140 60
120 37
100
80 33 57
52
60 30
27
40 24
44 55
20 36 25
0
A B AB O

Blood Group

Baherdar Jimma Hawassa

Types of Charts (Contd. . . .)

Example 2:- Third year students of HiLCoE

registered for different courses from 2008-2011
(in Ethiopian Calendar).
 Types of Charts (Contd. . . .)

Third year students of HiLCoE registered for different courses from 2010-2013 (Ethiopian Calendar)

200

180
38
160 45
Number of students

43 44
140

120 58
55
100 50
56

80
44
60 44
40
30
40

20 46 40
38 37

0
2008 2009 2010 2011

Years (in Ethiopian Calendar)

Web Technology Artificial Intelligence Research Methodology Network Adminstration
Types of Charts (Contd. . . .)
iv. Percentage component bar chart
This is a bar chart where percentage is used
in each category instead of the actual
amounts.
 The most widely used bar charts are
percentage component bar charts.

28
Types of Charts (Contd. . . .)

Example:- Consider the example about third

year students of HiLCoE registered for different
courses from 2008-2011 (in Ethiopian Calendar)
and draw a percentage bar chart. .
Types of Charts (Contd. . . .)
Third year students of HiLCoE registered for different courses
from 2010-2013 (Ethiopian Calendar)
100%
90% 20.4%
25.7% 25.7% 24.5%
80%
70%
31.2%
60% 33.5% 29.2% 29.9%

50%
40% 23.7%
18.0% 23.4% 23.9%
30%
20%
24.7% 22.8%
10% 21.6% 21.7%

0%
2008 2009 2010 2011

Web Technology Artificial Intelligence

Research Methodology Network Adminstration
 Types of Charts (Contd. . . .)

4. Pie Chart
This is a diagram representation of categorical data

on a circle where the circle will be partitioned into

different sectors corresponding to the relative

frequency of the item in the total.

Types of Charts (Contd. . . .)

The angle of a sector is given by the

formula:

Angle of a sector = RF  360,

where RF – relative Frequency

Types of Charts (Contd. . . .)
Example:- There are 2800 students in a certain public
university who are attending the 1st year program in
the academic year 2021 – 2022. The number of
students with respect to their department is given by:
Social Science:- 650, Physical Science:- 900, Public
Health and Humanities:- 820, Others:- 430. Show this
information using Pie Chart.

33
Types of Charts (Contd. . . .)
Example 2:- Students grade in Calculus I course.
8 6

10

22

A B C D F
Types of Charts (Contd. . . .)
13.8%
20.3%

11.5%

24.0%

30.4%

Comedy Action Romance

Drama Science Fiction
Types of Charts (Contd. . . .)

Science Fiction
14%

Comedy
Drama 20%
12%
Sample data collected to identify student’s
favorite movies

Romance
30% Action
24%
 Types of Charts (Contd. . . .)

5. Pictogams
A pictogram or pictograph represents the
frequency of data as pictures or symbols. Each
picture or symbol may represent one or more
units of the data.
Pictograph or Pictogram
Pictograph or Pictogram
Pictograph or Pictogram
Pictograph or Pictogram
Pictograph or Pictogram
Pictograph or Pictogram
End of Chapter 3