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CH 3

This document discusses measures of central tendency, which are used to summarize data by identifying a central or typical value. It defines the mean, median, and mode as the three primary measures, and explains how to calculate each as well as their characteristics and appropriate uses. Additional concepts covered include weighted mean, geometric mean, harmonic mean, quantiles such as quartiles and percentiles, and desirable properties of good measures of central tendency. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating these measures from raw data sets.

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34 views11 pages

CH 3

This document discusses measures of central tendency, which are used to summarize data by identifying a central or typical value. It defines the mean, median, and mode as the three primary measures, and explains how to calculate each as well as their characteristics and appropriate uses. Additional concepts covered include weighted mean, geometric mean, harmonic mean, quantiles such as quartiles and percentiles, and desirable properties of good measures of central tendency. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating these measures from raw data sets.

Uploaded by

Beke dereje
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

Unit Three
Measures of Central Tendency
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2 objectives

 To comprehend the data easily.


 To get a single value that represent(describe) characteristics of the
entire data
 To summarizing/reducing the volume of the data
 To facilitating comparison within one group or between groups of
data
 To enable further statistical analysis

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3 Recall Properties of Summation
 c is constant
 = ,
 =

 Example: If

 Find

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4 Mean
 Arithmetic mean ():
 Definition

 Properties of Athematic Mean


 For, …,
 , …, , then the mean becomes
 , …, , then the mean becomes
 Combined mean

 If
=> combined mean =
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5 Mean …
 Weighted Mean:

 Geometric Mean:
 For averages of %, Growth rates, proportions …
For
…
 GM = with

 Harmonic
Relationships: Mean:
 For averages
1. For two observations of rate, Price/Earnings
3. For constant
 observations:
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6 Example
 For the data: 2, 8,6,4,10,6,8,4
 Find 8/1.68 = 4.7525
 Athematic mean
 Geometric mean and
 Harmonic Mean Example: Suppose you get an increment of 50%, 40% and
70% in your salary at the end of first, 2nd and 3rd year
 Sol: Values 2 4 6 8 10 Total
respectively. If your initial salary is 100USD,
Frequency 1 2 2 2 1 8=N
a) what is the average increase in your salary?
b) what is your salary at the end of 3rd year salary?

=48/8 =6

GM = Example: A motorist travels 1440km in 3 days. She


= travels for 10 hours at rate of 48km/hr on 1 st day, for 12
= hours at rate of 40km/hr on the 2nd day and for 15 hours at
=5.4132 rate of 32km/hr on the 3rd day. What is her average speed?
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7 Median
 Middle Value - Sorting is needed

 (For Grouped data)


(Ungrouped data)
Example: Find the median for
1. At rest pulse rates for 16 athletes at a meet are: 53,
54, 56, 57, 58, 56, 54, 64, 67, 57, 54, 55, 57, 68, 60
and 58. 57
2. The production of butter fat during 7 consecutive
days was recorded for 75 cows and the frequency is
W = class width given below. (54.16)
Butter Fats in kgs 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74
F = cumulative frequency of the class that precedes
Number of cows 7 10 22 15 12 6 3
the median class

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8 Mode
 Most Frequently Occurring Value/or values
 For ungrouped data-take the value with highest frequency by inspection
 For Grouped data

-
=-
 Example: Find the mode for
Butter Fats in kgs 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74
 (53.03) Number of cows 7 10 22 15 12 6 3

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9
Important Characteristics of a Good MCT
 It Should be
 Easy to calculate and understand (interpret).
 Based on all the observations during computation.
 Rigidly defined. Clear and Unambiguous
 Representative of the data based on random sample.
 Resistant to sampling fluctuation sampling stability.
 Resistant to extreme value.
 Capable for further statistical analysis and /or algebraic manipulation.

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10 Quantiles
 Quartiles: Partitions the data in to 4 equal parts – Needs ordered data

= (For Grouped data)j j=1,2,3

 Deciles Example: Find Q3, D6 and P85 values for


1. Data set 70, 120, 110, 101, 88, 83, 95, 98, 107, and 100
 Percentiles
2. Frequency Distribution
Butter Fats in kgs 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74
Number of cows 7 10 22 15 12 6 3

Note: Median = Q2 = D5 =P50


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11

Thank You All!

[email protected] 11/26/2023

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