Computer Graphics

&
Image Processing

Lecture 1

Introduction
ALI JAVED
Lecturer
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
U.E.T TAXILA
Email:: [email protected]
Office Room #:: 7
 Text Book (s)

 Gonzalez, R. C. and Woods, R. E., Digital Image

Processing, Second Edition, Pearson-Prentice Hall,
Inc., 2002. ISBN 81-7758-168-6.
 Gonzalez, R. C., Woods, R. E., and Eddins, S. L.,

Digital Image Processing Using MATLAB®, Pearson-

Prentice Hall, Inc., 2004, ISBN 81-7758-898-2.
 Computer Graphics
 Graphics are visual presentations on some surface, such
as a wall, computer screen, paper, or stone to brand, or
entertain. Examples are photographs, drawings, graphs,
diagrams, maps, engineering drawings, or other images

 Computer graphics are graphics created using

computers and, more generally, the representation and
manipulation of pictorial data by a computer.

 Developments in computer graphics have had a profound

impact on many types of media and have revolutionized
the animation and video game industry.
 Computer Graphics
 The term Computer Graphics has several meanings:

• the representation and manipulation of pictorial data by a

computer
• the various technologies used to create and manipulate such
pictorial data, and
• the images so produced
 What is an Image?
 Image is a source of information according to
information theory

 An image may be defined as a two dimensional

function f(x,y) where x and y are spatial
coordinates and amplitude of f at any pair of
coordinates (x,y) is called the intensity or Gray
level of the image at that point.
 Digital Image
 When x,y and the amplitude values of f are all finite,
discrete quantities, we call the image a Digital Image.

 A digital Image is composed of a finite number of

elements each of which has a particular location and value

 These elements are referred to as Picture Elements,

Image Elements, Pels or Pixels.
 Pixel
 In digital imaging, a pixel is the smallest piece of
information in an image.

 Pixels are normally arranged in a regular 2-dimensional

grid, and are often represented using dots or squares

 The intensity of each pixel is variable; in color systems,

each pixel has typically three or four components such as
red, green, and blue, or cyan, magenta, yellow, and black
Digital Image Representation
 Why do we Process Images?

Facilitate picture storage and transmission

Enhance and restore images

Extract information from images

Prepare for display or Printing

EM Spectrum
 Key Stages in Digital Image Processing

Image Morphological
Restoration Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Representation
Image
&
Acquisition Description

Object
Problem Domain Recognition
Color Image Image
Processing Compression
 Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Image Acquisition
Images taken from Gonzalez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)

Image Morphological
Restoration Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Representation
Image
&
Acquisition Description

Object
Problem Domain Recognition
Color Image Image
Processing Compression
 Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Image Enhancement
Images taken from Gonzalez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)

Image Morphological
Restoration Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Image Representation
&
Acquisition
Description

Object
Problem Domain Recognition
Color Image Image
Processing Compression
 Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Image Restoration
alez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)

Image Morphological
Restoration Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Representation
Image
&
Acquisition Description

Object
Problem Domain Recognition
Color Image Image
Processing Compression
 Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Morphological Processing
Images taken from Gonzalez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)

Image Morphological
Restoration Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Image Object
Acquisition Recognition

Representation
Problem Domain &
Description
Color Image Image
Processing Compression
 Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Segmentation
Images taken from Gonzalez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)

Image Morphological
Restoration Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Representation
Image
&
Acquisition Description

Object
Problem Domain Recognition
Color Image Image
Processing Compression
 Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Representation & Description
Images taken from Gonzalez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)

Image Morphological
Restoration Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Image Representation
Acquisition & Description

Object
Problem Domain Recognition
Color Image Image
Processing Compression
 Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Object Recognition
Images taken from Gonzalez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)

Image Morphological
Restoration Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Representation
Image
&
Acquisition Description

Object
Problem Domain Recognition
Color Image Image
Processing Compression
 Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Image Compression
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Representation
Image
&
Acquisition Description

Object
Problem Domain Recognition
Color Image Image
Processing Compression
 Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Colour Image Processing
alez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)

Image Morphological
Restoration Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Representation
Image
&
Acquisition Description

Object
Problem Domain
Recognition
Color Image Image
Processing Compression
Applications of Image Processing
1. Image Restoration
Image Colorization
Image Enhancement
Face Detection
Face Tracking
Face Morphing
Finger Print Recognition
Personal Identification Using
Iris Recognition
 Image Processing Components
Image Sensing device

Storage Media

Processing Systems

Displays

Communication Media

Hardcopy devices (e.g Printer)

 Camera

Lens (CMount, CSMount, Motorized)

Optical Filter (Selectivity in EM waves)

Imaging Sensor (CCD Sensor)

Flash (Used for lighting/Illumination)

Front Illumination
Back Illumination

Digitizer
 Processing systems
PC based

General purpose PCs

Servers

Industrial PCs

Embedded system based

DSP processor based

FPGA based

System on chip (SoC)

Any question