Scribd
Upload
147 views17 pages

Validity

The document discusses different types of validity in psychological testing: - Content validity ensures a test measures the intended concept adequately. Criterion-related validity examines how a test correlates with external criteria. Construct validity assesses if a test accurately reflects the intended psychological construct. Face validity is whether a test appears to measure the intended concept. Internal validity minimizes outside influences on a test. External validity is whether a test's results generalize to other populations and contexts. Establishing these types of validity is important for evaluating the credibility and trustworthiness of psychological assessment tools.

Uploaded by

ifatimanaqvi1472
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
147 views17 pages

Validity

The document discusses different types of validity in psychological testing: - Content validity ensures a test measures the intended concept adequately. Criterion-related validity examines how a test correlates with external criteria. Construct validity assesses if a test accurately reflects the intended psychological construct. Face validity is whether a test appears to measure the intended concept. Internal validity minimizes outside influences on a test. External validity is whether a test's results generalize to other populations and contexts. Establishing these types of validity is important for evaluating the credibility and trustworthiness of psychological assessment tools.

Uploaded by

ifatimanaqvi1472
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

VALIDITY

ABUBAKAR HIDRAL
Content Outline

• Validity
• Types of Validity
Validity

• Validity refers to an instrument’s capacity to measure what it is intended to


measure.
• Validity is defined as the credibility of the assessment tool (The quality of
being trusted and believed in).
• It measures the underlying outcome of interest.
Types of Validity
• Content Validity
• Criterion-related Validity
• Construct Validity
• Face Validity
• Internal and External Validity
Content Validity

• The content validity of the measure ensures that it has an adequate and
representative selection of items that tap the concept.

• Content validity is the extent to which a measure accurately captures the


construct it is meant to measure.

• The stronger the content validity, the more the scale items represent the
domain or universe of the concept being measured.
Cont…
• There are several ways to assess content validity, including:
• Expert judgment
• Content analysis
• Example:
• A math instructor creates an end-of-semester calculus test for his/her students.
The exam should cover every type of calculus presented in class. If specific types
of algebra are omitted, the results may not accurately reflect students’
understanding of the topic. Similarly, if she includes non-calculus questions, the
findings are no longer a valid test of calculus knowledge.
Criterion-related Validity

• When a measure differentiates individuals on a criterion that it is


anticipated to predict, criterion-related validity is established.
• Criterion-related validity is a type of validity that demonstrates how well a
measure correlates with an established criterion. It is concerned with the
relationship between a measure and some external criterion, such as a
performance on another test or a real-world behavior.
• There are two types of criterion-related validity:
• Predictive validity
• Concurrent validity
Cont…
• Predictive validity is concerned with the ability of a measure to predict
future performance on some criterion.
• It assesses the ability of a measure to predict future results. It is a type of
validity that is used to assess whether or not a predictor variable is able to
accurately predict an outcome variable.
• ✔ A high predictive validity means that the measure can accurately predict
future performance.
• ✔ A low predictive validity means that the measure is not a good predictor
of future performance.
• NTS/MDCAT
Cont…

• Concurrent validity is concerned with the relationship between a measure


and some other measure that is being used as a criterion at the same time.
• This validity assesses the ability of a measure to predict results that have
already been established.
• Example:
• A new intelligence test might be given to a group of students who have
already taken an established intelligence test. The results of the new test
can then be compared to the results of the established test to see how well
the two measures correlate. This type of validity can be used to judge the
quality of a new measure.
Construct Validity

• Construct validity measures how well the findings of using the measure
fit the theories around which it is constructed. This term used in the
psychological literature to refer to the extent to which a measure
accurately reflects the construct it is purporting to measure.
• In order for a measure to be said to have construct validity.
• ✔ It must first be shown to be reliable that is, it must produce
consistent results across repeated measurements.
• Once reliability has been established, researchers can then begin to
look at whether or not the measure is actually tapping into the
construct of interest.
Construct Validity

• Construct Validity is assessed through:


• Convergent Validity
• Discriminant Validity
• Convergent Validity:
• When the scores obtained with two separate instruments assessing the same
concept are highly associated, convergent validity is established.
• Convergent validity is the degree to which different measures of the same
construct produce similar results.
• It is important to establish convergent validity when using multiple measures of
a construct, such as self-report and performance-based measures, in order to
ensure that the results are consistent across measures.
Cont…

• Discriminant Validity:
• Discriminant validity is established when two variables are projected to
be uncorrelated based on theory, and the scores obtained by
measuring them are empirically confirmed to be so.
• It is a statistical concept that is used to determine whether or not two
constructs are measuring different things.
• Discriminant validity is the ability of a test to accurately measure what
it is supposed to measure.
• In order for a test to be considered valid, it must have discriminant
validity
Face Validity

• Face validity suggests that the items intended to test a concept appear
to measure the idea on the surface. It refers to the degree to which a
test appears to measure what it is supposed to measure.
• Face validity is not an accurate predictor of a test’s actual psychometric
properties, but it is important for determining whether a test will be
accepted by those who will be taking it. There are several ways to
assess face validity.
• ✔ ask experts in the field whether they believe the test measures what
it is supposed to measure.
• ✔ask potential test-takers whether they believe the test is a good
measure of the desired construct.
Example:

• You design a questionnaire to evaluate the consistency of people’s food


habits. You go over the items in the questionnaire, which include
questions regarding every meal of the day as well as snacks taken in
between for every day of the week. On the surface, the survey appears
to be a solid depiction of what you want to test, so you give it a high
face validity .
• Another example of face validity would be a personality test that
included items that assessed whether the respondent was outgoing,
shy, etc.
Internal Validity

• Internal validity in psychological testing refers to the degree to which a


test accurately measures the specific psychological construct it is
intended to assess, while minimizing the influence of extraneous
variables or confounding factors.
• In a study assessing the effectiveness of a new depression questionnaire,
the researchers ensure that all participants complete the questionnaire
in a controlled, quiet, and distraction-free environment, with
standardized instructions provided to each participant. This controls for
potential sources of bias or distraction and enhances the internal validity
of the test, allowing researchers to attribute changes in depression
scores to the questionnaire's effectiveness rather than external factors.
External Validity

• External validity in psychological testing refers to the extent to which


the results obtained from a psychological test can be generalized to
other populations, settings, or contexts beyond the specific conditions
of the test.
• If a personality assessment is developed based on a sample of college
students, its external validity would be a concern if researchers wanted
to use the same test to make predictions about personality traits in a
population of elderly adults. Conducting a validation study with the
elderly population would help establish the external validity of the test.
THANK YOU!

You might also like