Transformer Sizing
Transformer Sizing
TRANSFORMER SIZING
Prepared by: Birender Kumar Pal
August 2007
CONTENTS
0.0 GENERAL DEFINITIONS
1.0 PURPOSE
2.0 PROCEDURE
LOAD FACTOR:- Load factor is the ratio of Electricity consumption to the peak demand
(expressed as %age) for each billing period. Load
Factor (%)=[Energy used (in kWH)]/[Maximum demand (in kW)*Time(hours)]
1.0 PURPOSE
loads
b) 5-10% spare capacity or VFD margin according to project requirement.
c) Actual load requirement with highest rated motor started on DOL/Star-
Delta
3.0 STEPS FOR TRANSFORMER
SIZING
1. Diversity Factor:-
i) Continuous Load=1.0
ii) Intermittent Load=1.5
iii) Lighting Load=1.1
2. %Age Loading
i) Motor Load=0.9
ii) Instrumentation Load=1.0
iii) Lighting Load=1.0
3.2 Step-2 – Calculation Of Transformer
Capacity
In case 5% margin does not fulfill the voltage regulation limit then 10 %
margin to be considered.
3.3. Step-3 – Determination of allowable %
INPUT PARAMETERS:-
Diversity Factor (D) = (Considered as per Process Mechanical) Attached Data Sheets:-
Motor Rating (kW) = (As per the Load list issued by Process Mechanical)
PF of Motor(Cosø) = (As per Motor Manufacturer's Data Sheet)
Efficiency of Motor (η) = (As per Motor Manufacturer's Data Sheet) 1. 4 Pole Motor
%AGE Loading(LF) = (For Motor=0.9, For Instrumentation & Lighting=1.0) Data Sheet
of ABB
P kW LF
P kVA k VA
cos D
HENCE THE REQUIREMENT OF 488.61 kVA ~ 500.00 kVA
Considering the nearest standard 2. TRANSFORMER
rating as per Trf. Data sheet from 500 kVA SIZE & %AGE
IMPEDANCE
IS:2026, Part 1, 1996
Voltage drop on Transformer due to Motor Starting
Voltage drop on Transformer due to Motor Starting
k VAst sin st
%age Voltage drop is given by the formula:
k VAopsin
VD % X
Where:-
k VArated
max running load in kVA on the transformer
except the motor to be started.
kVAop =
(If not known this is equal to transformer rating less
motor rating in kVA)
Sine of average PF angle of max. running load
Sinø =
(If not known Cos(operating angle)=0.8)
Starting kVA of the motor to be started
kVAst = (Normally 6 times the rated kVA for DOL starting and
2 times for Star-Delta Starting)
Sine of starting PF angle of the motor
Sinθst =
(Normally Cos(θst)=0.2)
kVArated = Transformer rating
%X = Transformer %age impedance
Input/Calculated Parameters:-
Power Factor of system (Cosø) = 0.85 (assumed)
Starting PF of Largest motor (Cosθst) = 0.20 (assumed)
Maximum Load on Transformer including margin = 488.61 kVA (As per Transformer Sizing)
Largest Motor Size = 160.00 kW (As per Load List)
PF of Largest Motor (Cosθ) = 0.89 (As per Motor Data Sheet)
Efficiency of Largest Motor (η) = 93.50 (As per Motor Data Sheet)
kVA of Largest Motor = 192.27 kVA
Input/Calculated Parameters:-