Republic of the Philippines

Commission on Higher Education

Region V

BICOL UNIVERSITY GUINOBATAN

Guinobatan, Albay

IPM-Integrated Pest
Management

ESPERANZA CAÑA MAGDASOC, LPT.

Instructor
Learning Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
1. Define pest;
2. Identify the methods of pest control; and
3. Discuss the key points and history of integrated
pest management.

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Let’s take a pre-test!

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CHAPTER 1
• Introduction to Integrated Pest
Management

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Lesson Outline
Lesson 1: What are pests?
Lesson 2: Methods of Pest Control
Lesson 3: Key Points of Integrated Pest Management
Lesson 4: History of Integrated Pest Management

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LESSON 1
What are pests?

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PESTS
 Are the organisms that disturbs the human
life.
 Organisms which damage our cultivated
plant, our forest, storage, domestic product
including other aesthetic qualities are called
pest.
 Organisms which harbor in cultivated crops
that reduce quantity and quality of crops.
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FOUR MAIN CATEGORIES OF PESTS
1. Vertebrate Pests – pests that have backbone
2. Invertebrate Pests – No backbone
3. Weeds – unwanted plants
4. Diseases – fungi, bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms causing
diseases to plants.

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What are the examples of
pests present in your
locality?

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 LESSON 2
Methods of Pest Control

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What is pest
control?
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 What to remember in pest control?
Control a pest only when it is causing or is expected to cause
more harm than is reasonable to accept.
Use a control strategy that will reduce the pest numbers to
an acceptable level.
Cause as little harm as possible to everything except the pest.
Even though a pest is present, it may not do very much harm.
It could cost more to control the pest than would be lost
because of the pest's damage.

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PEST CONTROL GOALS
1. Prevention – keeping a pest from becoming a
problem;
2. Suppression – reducing pest numbers or damage
to an acceptable level; and
3. Eradication – destroying an entire population

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 The four methods of pests
What are the different
control are:
methods of controlling
1. Physical method
pests?
2. Mechanical method
3. Chemical method
4. Cultural method
5. Biological method

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Methods of pest control
APPLICATION OF IPM TECNIQUES
Physical Method
Utilize some physical component of the environment—for example, temperature,
humidity, or light—to suppress pest populations or damage. Some examples of
physical and mechanical pest controls include:
• Flaming/burning
• Soil solarization or soil heating
• Heat or steam sterilization
• Flooding

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Methods of pest control
APPLICATION
Mechanical OF IPM TECNIQUES
Method
This methods uses mechanical devices in controlling pests, including hand-picking
of egg masses, collection of early instars of larva and grubs and their destruction to
minimize the pest incidence.
• Handpicking • Burning
• Use of hand net and bag nets • Sound production
• Shaking and garring • Bagging the fruits
• Sieving and winnowing • Trenching the field
• Applying a band of sticky material like ‘Ostico’ • Use of mechanical traps such as light, air
or alkathene around the trunk of a mango tree. suction, electric and pheromones trapor Name Here
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Methods of pest control
APPLICATION OF IPM TECNIQUES
Chemical Method
– Pesticides are used to control pests.
– Deciding which pesticide to use is determined by:
• the type of pest that needs controlling
• the type and value of the crop
• the presence of any beneficial insects.
– Three types:
• Contact
• Stomach
• Systemic Your Logo or Name Here
Methods of pest control
Chemical Method

 This is mainly comprises of use of chemical insecticide and

pheromones.
 Pesticides are used only when needed and in combination with
other approaches for more effective, long-term control.
 Pesticides are selected and applied in a way that minimizes their
possible harm to people, nontarget organisms, and the
environment.
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Methods of pest control
APPLICATION OF IPM TECNIQUES
Chemical Method
– Insecticides
– Fungicides
– Bactericides
– Some oils are also used
to protect plants from
fungal and bacterial
diseases.

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Methods of pest control
APPLICATION OF IPM TECNIQUES
Chemical Method
Advantages Disadvantages
 appearance of fruit maintained  can leave toxic residues – chemicals damage the
 usually cost-effective environment or remain in food, which can cause
consumer resistance
 quick-acting
 can be expensive if calendar spraying is used
 increased yields – important for economic reasons
 useful insects may be killed, for example pollinators
 required for access to some overseas markets such as bees often suffer during spraying
 pests can develop resistance with repeated use
 can harm the person applying them
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 RULES FOR STORING AND USING
CHEMICALS
• Read and follow the label.
• Keep sprays in a locked cupboard out of reach of children
and pets.
• Don’t put sprays in a different container from their usual
one. Never put sprays in a drink bottle!

• Do not smoke, eat or chew while spraying Always wash and

change into clean clothes after spraying

• Correct protective gear for

spraying.
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Methods of pest control
Cultural Method
 Controlling pests by changing living habits or environments.
 Denying pests access to food, water, and a place to live.
 It includes the following practices:
• Planting of resistant and tolerant cultivars. • appropriate sowing time
• summer deep ploughing • crop rotation and sequence cropping;
• clean cultivation • inter cropping

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Methods of pest control
Cultural Method

 Controlling pests by changing living habits or environments.

 Denying pests access to food, water, and a place to live.
 It includes the following practices:

• Optimum plant densities • removal of crop residues and alternate

• avoiding excessive irrigation and host plants;
nitrogenous fertilization. • avoidance of monoculture
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Methods of pest control
Biological Method
 This is a method of managing pest populations by manipulating parasites (parasitoids),
predators, or diseases (pathogens) in the pest’s environment, to the detriment of a
particular pest population.
 This also includes the utilization of microbial biopesticides and botanical pesticides.

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 LESSON 3
Key Points of Integrated Pest
Management

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What is IPM?
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Integrated Pest Management
• IPM is an assessment-based, ecological
approach to controlling pests.
• Pest is identified to know its habitat and
life cycle to develop management tactics.
• It employs both nonchemical and
chemical control methods.

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Key Points of IPM
• Integration
⁻ Harmonious use of multiple methods to control single pests
or pest complexes.
• Pest
⁻ An organism detrimental to humans, including: invertebrates,
vertebrates, weeds, and pathogens.
• Management
⁻ Decisions based on ecological principles and economic and
social considerations. Your Logo or Name Here 28
Key Points of IPM
• IPM is a multidisciplinary endeavor
Agronomy (crop and soil science)
Entomology (insects: pests and beneficial)
Plant pathology (plant diseases)
Economics (decision-making)
Agricultural Engineering (machinery, grain handling, etc.)
Climatology (weather trends and effects)

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 LESSON 4
History of Integrated Pest Management

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History of IPM
• 2500 BC: The element sulfur was found to
help control mite and insect populations
• 1500 AD to present: Some plants found to
generate insecticidal – and more recently –
herbicidal compounds.

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History of IPM
• Late 1800s: inorganic compounds used for
insect and fungal organism control, including:
Paris green (copper acetoarsenate)
Bordeaux mix (copper sulfate and hydrated lime)
Lead arsenate
Creosote (coal tar derivative)
Sodium hypochlorite solutions (bleach)

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History of IPM
• 1939 (dawn of the modern insecticide era):
DDT recognized as an effective insect control.
• Late 1940s (post WWII): the advent of
“chemical” pesticides including 2,4-D.
• 1948: Warfarin registered as a rodenticide (and
later-in the early 1950s –as an anticoagulant in
human medicine)
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History of IPM
• 1962: Silent spring was published.
• 1967: the term “IPM” first used.

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History of IPM
• 1970: the United States Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) was founded.
• 1979: the Iowa State University IPM program
began.
• 1993: call for 75% of U.S. crop acreage grown
under IPM principles (by 2000)
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History of IPM
• 1996: Roundup-ready® soybeans introduced in
the U.S. By 2005, 87% of commercial U.S.
soybean acres were Roundup-ready® varieties.
• In 1998 Roundup-ready® corn introduced in
the U.S.
• 2000s: U.S. farmers now apply over 1.2 billion
pounds of pesticides annually.
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History of IPM
• Today: with increasing knowledge of pests,
crops, and improving technologies, field-
specific management is possible.

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 Integrated Pest Management
1. What is “normal?”
- Is it really a problem?

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 Integrated Pest Management
2. What is the problem?
• Proper identification is critical; that is why it is the first step.

3. How and what does the pest attack?

• Only the plant of interest affected?
• Parts of plant affected?
• Patterns in field?

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 Integrated Pest Management
4. How many pests are there?
• Is it too early or too late to control?
• Management must be at the correct time to maximize
effectiveness.

5. Determine an action threshold

• How many pests are too many?
• Economic, health, and aesthetic threshold

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 Integrated Pest Management
6. Choose appropriate management tactics
• For many pests, there are several management options to
consider.

7. Review your work:

Was the management effective?
• Did actions do what you wanted?
• Was the method itself satisfactory?
• Were there any unintended side effects?
• What will be done in the future for this pest situation? Your Logo or Name Here 41
 Three Important Components
• Economic Injury Level
Lowest population density that will cause economic
damage.
• Economic Threshold
Population size large enough to trigger an action to prevent
an increasing pest population from reaching the economic
injury level.
• General equilibrium position
Average density of a population over time.
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 Cost vs. Benefits of a Practice
Costs
• Product cost
• Fuel
• Labor
• Marketing options
• May increase crop damage from secondary pests

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 Cost vs. Benefits of a Practice
Benefits
• Yield (economic)
• Quality (economic)
• Appearance (Aesthetics)
• Human/Livestock health
• Legal issues
• Acceptance of resultant commodity by end users
• Ease of mind Your Logo or Name Here 44
Thank You
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