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CV Lecture 8

Morphological operations are a set of image processing operations that process images based on shapes. They use a structuring element to erode or dilate pixels in the image. Erosion shrinks objects and removes small objects, while dilation expands objects and fills in holes. Opening performs erosion followed by dilation to remove noise, and closing performs dilation followed by erosion to fill gaps. Together, morphological operations allow manipulation of object shapes and sizes in an image.

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23 views26 pages

CV Lecture 8

Morphological operations are a set of image processing operations that process images based on shapes. They use a structuring element to erode or dilate pixels in the image. Erosion shrinks objects and removes small objects, while dilation expands objects and fills in holes. Opening performs erosion followed by dilation to remove noise, and closing performs dilation followed by erosion to fill gaps. Together, morphological operations allow manipulation of object shapes and sizes in an image.

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Computer Vision

CSC-455
Today’s Lecture

Some Post Segmentation Operations


using
Morphological Operations
Morphological Operations

Morphological Operations. Morphology is a


broad set of image processing operations that
process images based on shapes. In
a morphological operation, each pixel in the
image is adjusted based on the value of other
pixels in its neighborhood

3
Structuring Element

A shape mask used in the morphological


operations
• Any shape ,size that is digitally representable
• With a defined origin

4
Morphology: Quick Example

Image after segmentation Image after segmentation and


morphological processing
Erosion: Example
Original Image Processed Image

Structuring Element 29
Erosion

 Effects
 Shrinks the size of foreground (1-valued) objects
 Smoothes object boundaries
 Removes small objects

 Rule for Erosion


In a binary image, if any of the pixel (in the
neighborhood defined by structuring element) is
0, then output is 0
Erosion: Example 1

After erosion
Original
with a disc of
image
radius 10

After erosion After erosion


with a disc of with a disc of
radius 5 radius 20
Erosion: Example 2

9
Erosion

Erosion can split apart joined objects

Erosion can strip away extrusions

Watch out: Erosion shrinks


objects
Exercis
e
Count the number of coins in the given image
Exercise: Solution
Binarize the image

Perform Erosion

Use connected component labeling to count the number of coins


Dilation: Example
45
Original Image Processed Image With Dilated Pixels

Structuring Element
Dilation
 Effects
 Expands the size of foreground(1-valued)
objects
 Smoothes object boundaries
 Closes holes and gaps

 Rule for Dilation


In a binary image, if any of the pixel (in the
neighborhood defined by structuring element) is 1,
then output is 1
Dilation: Example 1

Original image Dilation by 3*3 Dilation by 5*5


square structuring square structuring
element element

Note: In these examples a 1 refers to a black pixel!


Dilation: Example 2
Dilation: Example 3
Dilation

Dilation can repair breaks

Dilation can repair intrusions

Watch out: Dilation enlarges


objects
Example
Segment A Erosion A -B

0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 1 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 1 0
Image Segment 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 1 1 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0

Dilation A +B

0 1 1 1 0

0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
Structuring Element
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
0 1 1 1 0
Segment B

19
Opening

The opening of image f by structuring element s, denoted


by f ○ s is simply an erosion followed by a dilation

f s  ( f  s)  s

Original shape After erosion After dilation


(opening)
After
Image
Original

Opening
Image
Opening: Example

Opening
Breaks narrow joints
Removes ‘Salt’ noise
Opening: Example
56
Original Image Processed Image

Structuring Element
Closing

The closing of image f by structuring element s, denoted by


f • s is simply a dilation followed by an erosion

f  s  ( f  s) s

Original shape After dilation After erosion


(closing)
Original
Image

After
Closing
Image
Closing: Example

Closing
Eliminates small holes
Fills gaps
Removes ‘Pepper’ noise
Closing: Example
60
Original Image Processed Image

Structuring Element
References
 Some Slide material has been taken from Dr M. Usman Akram Computer Vision
Lectures
 CSCI 1430: Introduction to Computer Vision by James Tompkin
 Statistical Pattern Recognition: A Review – A.K Jain et al., PAMI (22) 2000
 Pattern Recognition and Analysis Course – A.K. Jain, MSU
 Pattern Classification” by Duda et al., John Wiley & Sons.
 Digital Image Processing”, Rafael C. Gonzalez & Richard E. Woods, Addison-Wesley,
2002
 Machine Vision: Automated Visual Inspection and Robot Vision”, David Vernon,
Prentice Hall, 1991
 www.eu.aibo.com/
 Advances in Human Computer Interaction, Shane Pinder, InTech, Austria, October
2008
 Computer Vision A modern Approach by Frosyth
 http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~16385/s18/

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