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Embedded

An embedded system combines hardware and software to perform dedicated tasks within larger systems. It contains a microprocessor or microcontroller along with other components. Common types of processors used in embedded systems include microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, and application specific integrated circuits. Embedded systems have a wide range of applications including automatic vending machines, digital cameras, smart cards, and moving map displays in vehicles.

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Srilekha Rajakumaran
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62 views20 pages

Embedded

An embedded system combines hardware and software to perform dedicated tasks within larger systems. It contains a microprocessor or microcontroller along with other components. Common types of processors used in embedded systems include microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, and application specific integrated circuits. Embedded systems have a wide range of applications including automatic vending machines, digital cameras, smart cards, and moving map displays in vehicles.

Uploaded by

Srilekha Rajakumaran
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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RAJIV GANDHI COLLEGE OF

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY


DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

EMBEDDED SYSTEM
Embedded System:
 An embedded system is a special purpose computer
that is used inside of a device.
 A Combination of hardware and software that forms
the components of a larger systems.
Classification:
Types:
Block Diagram:
Processor:
 Processor is the heart of an embedded system. It is the
basic unit that takes inputs and produces an output after
processing the data.
 A processor has two essential units −
 Program Flow Control Unit (CU)

 Execution Unit (EU)

 The CU includes a fetch unit for fetching instructions from


the memory.
 The EU has circuits that implement the instructions
pertaining to data transfer operation and data conversion
from one form to another.
Types of Processor:
 General Purpose Processor (GPP)
Microprocessor
Microcontroller
Embedded Processor
Digital Signal Processor
Media Processor
 Application Specific System Processor (ASSP).
 Application Specific Instruction Processors (ASIPs).
 GPP core(s) or ASIP core(s) on either an Application Specific
Integrated Circuit (ASIC) or a Very Large Scale Integration
(VLSI) circuit.
Microprocessor:
 A microprocessor is an electronic component that is used
by a computer to do its work. It is a
central processing unit on a single integrated circuit chip
containing millions of very small components including
transistors, resistors, and diodes that work together.
Microcontroller:
A microcontroller (MCU) is a small computer on a
single integrated circuit that is designed to control
specific tasks within electronic systems. It
combines the functions of a central processing unit
(CPU), memory, and input/output interfaces, all on
a single chip.
Embedded Processor:
 An embedded processor is a microprocessor that is
designed especially for handling the needs of an
embedded system. It is a class of computer or computer
chip that is embedded in various machines.
Digital Image Processor:
 Digital Signal Processors (DSP) take real-world signals like
voice, audio, video, temperature, pressure, or position that
have been digitized and then mathematically manipulate
them. A DSP is designed for performing mathematical
functions like "add", "subtract", "multiply" and "divide" very
quickly.
Embedded Board
 Embedded boards are boards with processors, multiple
integrated circuits, interfaces and other essential components
assembled on them to serve a dedicated function.
 Raspberry Pi Pico
It was Raspberry Pi's first board based upon a single
microcontroller chip; the RP2040, which was designed by
Raspberry Pi in the UK. The Pico has 264 KB of RAM and 2 MB
of flash memory. It is programmable in C, C++, Assembly,
Micro Python, Circuit Python.
 Arduino:
• Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-
to-use hardware and software. Arduino boards are able to read
inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter
message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor,
turning on an LED, publishing something online.
Embedded c:
 Embedded C is an extension of C language and it is used to develop micro-
controller-based applications. The extensions in the Embedded C language
from normal C Programming Language are the I/O Hardware Addressing,
fixed-point arithmetic operations, accessing address spaces, etc.

Embedded C Program has five layers of Basic Structures.


 Comment: These are simple readable text, written in code to make it more
understandable to the user. Usually comments are written in // or /* */.
 Pre-processor directives: The Pre-Processor directives tell the compiler which
files to look in to find the symbols that are not present in the program.
 Global Declaration: The part of the code where global variables are defined.
 Local Declaration: The part of the code where local variables are defined.
 Main function: Every C program has a main function that drives the whole code.
It basically has two parts the declaration part and the execution part. Where, the
declaration part is where all the variables are declared, and the execution part
defines the whole structure of execution in the program.
Pic:
 Peripheral Interface Controllers (PIC) is one of the
advanced microcontrollers developed by microchip
technologies.
 These microcontrollers are widely used in modern
electronics applications.
 A PIC controller integrates all types of advanced
interfacing ports and memory modules.
PIC16F877A :

 Microcontroller PIC16F877A is one of the PICmicro Family


microcontrollers which is popular at this moment, start from beginner
until all professionals.
 Because very easy to use PIC16F877A and use FLASH memory
technology so that can be write-erase until thousand times.
 The 16F877A is a capable microcontroller that can do many tasks
because it has a large enough programming memory (large in terms of
sensor and control projects) of 8k words and 368 Bytes of RAM.
Application of Embedded System:

Automatic Chocolate Wending Machine


Digital Camera
Smart Card
Moving Map Register
1. Automatic Chocolate Wending Machine:
It may be a specialized or industry-specific name
for a machine or piece of equipment designed for a
particular purpose related to chocolate production or
processing.
2.Digital camera
It is designed to capture, store, and potentially
process digital images or videos and often used for
applications like surveillance, industrial automation,
robotics, medical imaging, automotive systems, and
more.
Thank you

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