DRAMA

AND
FLASH
FICTION
Drama is a composition in verse or prose intended to portray life or
character, or to tell a story usually involving conflicts and emotions through
action and dialogue. It is typically designed for theatrical performance
PHILIPPINE DRAMA
HISTORY
During the pre-historic times, theater in the
Philippines was in the form of indigenous
rituals, verbal jousts or games, or songs
and dances to praise gods. Pre-
colonial
According to early chronicles, pre-historic time
dramas consisted of three elements – myth,
mimesis, and spectacle
• Used dramas such as zarzuelas as a
pedagogical tool to influence the pagan
tribes and teach them about Christianity
and religion.
Spanish
• Another important form of theater in
Spanish Colonization is comedia, also
Regime
known as moro-moro, linambay, or arakyo.
It’s a play in verse that portrays the lives,
loves, and wars of moors and Christians.
• Moro-Moro is a secular comedy that
dramatizes the war between Christians Spanish
and Muslims through the forbidden love Regime
between the prince and the princess.
• Their influence on Philippine theatre is
most apparent through the bodabil American
(vaudeville) and the plays and dramas Colonization
staged or translated into English.
• 1940s - when the Japanese took over the
Philippines from the Americans, movie
actors and actresses could no longer The Japanese
appear in films, as the Japanese Occupation
confiscated all film equipment.
• the Philippine theatre has evolved to
become an amalgamation of the various
Philippine
influences such that of the zarzuela,
comedia, bodabil, and western classics Theatre as
We Know It
• Theatre was largely performed in English
during the time Today
• zarzuelas such as “Ang Kiri,” “Dalagang
Bukid,” and “Paglipas ng Dilim”
became well-known beyond their regions.
Philippine
• playwrights such as Severino Montano,
Theatre as
Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero, and Alberto S.
Florentino honed their crafts and We Know It
contributed to the development of
performing arts in the Philippines. Today
 Philippine
• Classic shows such as The Westside
Story and Sound of Music made waves Theatre as
in recent years when it took the local We Know It
stage.
Today
THE ELEMENTS OF
DRAMA
The elements of drama, by which dramatic
works can be analyzed and evaluated can be
categorized into three major areas:

LITERARY ELEMENTS

TECHNICAL ELEMENTS

PERFROMANCE ELEMENTS
 LITERARY
ELEMENTS
Plot - refers to the action; the basic storyline of the
play.
Theme - refers to the meaning of the play. It is the
main idea or lesson to be learned from the drama.
Characters - are the people (sometimes animals or
ideas) portrayed by the actors in a drama.
 LITERARY
ELEMENTS
Characterization - is the way an author presents a
character. These are several types of characters;
protagonist (main character in a story)- antagonist
(a person who actively opposes).
Dialogue - refers to the words written by the
playwright and spoken by the character in a drama.
 LITERARY
ELEMENTS
Convention - refers to the techniques and methods
used by the playwright and director to create the
desired stylistic effect.
Genre - is the type of play. Some examples of
different genres include comedy, tragedy, mystery
and historical play.
 LITERARY
ELEMENTS
Audience - refers to a group of people who watch
the drama/ play.
 TECHNICAL
ELEMENTS
Scenery (set) - is the theatrical equipment such as
curtains, flats, backdrops or platforms used in a
dramatic production. Costumes - are the clothing
and accessories worn by actors to portray character
and period.
 TECHNICAL
ELEMENTS
Properties - are any article, except costume or scenery,
used as part of a dramatic production; any movable object
that appears on stage during a performance, from a
telephone to a train.
Light - means that every placement, intensity and color of
lights have to be set as needed to help communicate with
the environment, mood or feeling.
 TECHNICAL
ELEMENTS
Sound - refers to the effects an audience hears during
performance to communicate character, context or
environment.
Makeup - includes all cosmetics, costumes, wigs and
body paint use to transform an actor into a character.
 PERFORMANCE ELEMENTS
Acting - is the use of face, body and voice to
portray a character.
Character Motivation - refers to the reason/s
for a character’s behavior; an incentive or
inducement for further action for a character in
drama.
 PERFORMANCE ELEMENTS

Character Analysis - in responding to

dramatic art,is the process of examining how
the elements of drama are used.
Empathy - is the capacity to relate to the
feelings of another character.
THE STRUCTURE OF
DRAMA
 THE STRUCTURE OF DRAMA
• EXPOSITION • RISING • CILIMAX
The storyteller sets ACTION The story reaches
the scene and the The story builds. the point of greatest
character’s There is often a tension between the
background. complication, which protagonist and
means the problem antagonist.
the character tried
to solve gets more
complex.
 THE STRUCTURE OF DRAMA
• FALLING • RESOLUTION • DENOUMENT
ACTION The character French for “the
The story shifts to solves the problem ending,” the
action that happens or conflict. denouement is often
as a result of the happy if it’s a
climax, which can comedy, and dark
also contain a and sad if it’s a
reversal. tragedy.
FLASH FICTION
 FLASH
FICTION
FLASH FICTION, as the term suggests, FLASH
refers to largely fictional work of relative FICTION
FLASH
brevity. FICTION
• also known as the “smoke-long” story FLASH
FICTION
in China FLASH
• cannot be considered completely FICTION
FLASH
new ,however for it traces its origins FICTION
to older genres such as the fable and FLASH
FICTION
the parable. FLASH
FICTION
 FLASH
FICTION
• shares some characteristics with the FLASH
FICTION
more traditional narrative forms, such FLASH
as the use of uncertain narrative FICTION
FLASH
elements. But because of the limited FICTION
length, flash fiction is not so detailed, FLASH
FICTION
thus leaving more than enough room FLASH
for interpretations. FICTION
FLASH
FICTION
FLASH
FICTION
 FLASH
FICTION
• In the Philippines, the genre has its FLASH
FICTION
equivalent- the dagli. FLASH
FICTION
FLASH
• In terms of length, there seems to be FICTION
some disagreement: some say that it FLASH
FICTION
should have not more than 50 words FLASH
while others sat it can have as many as FICTION
FLASH
a thousand words. FICTION
FLASH
FICTION
 FLASH
FICTION
• Varieties are defined by word count, FLASH
FICTION
the 280- character story also known as FLASH
twitterature, the dribble also known FICTION
FLASH
as the minisaga for 50 words, the FICTION
drabble also known as microfiction FLASH
FICTION
for 100 words, sudden fiction for 750 FLASH
words and flash fiction for 1,000 FICTION
FLASH
words. FICTION
FLASH
FICTION
 FLASH
FICTION
Flash is a recognized format for fiction, FLASH
FICTION
with elements that each story ought to FLASH
include. The list of elements varies, FICTION
FLASH
depending on who’s writing it. FICTION
FLASH
FICTION
FLASH
FICTION
FLASH
FICTION
FLASH
FICTION
Flash is a recognized format for fiction, with
elements that each story ought to include. The list
of elements varies, depending on who’s writing it.

1. Plot - a flash fiction piece is a complete story. Just

like a longer piece of fiction, your flash piece needs a
beginning, a middle, and an ending.
2. Characters - you don’t have a lot of space to describe
your characters but readers should still be able to tell
them apart. Use telling details that you can describe in a
few words. Keep your character count low and stick with
one point-of-view.
3. Climax - a flash story should start with a compelling
scene and keep going. Just as in any other type of story,
you need to include some kind of conflict – an internal or
external (or both) challenge that your characters have to
meet.
4. Ending - a lot of successful flash pieces employ a
twist at the end. Think of structuring your story as you
would a joke; although your ending doesn’t need to be
funny, it ought to be something that the reader didn’t see
coming.
 FLASH FICTION
FLASH FICTION
While flash fiction is written in pretty FLASH FICTION
much any genre, popular genres include: FLASH FICTION
FLASH FICTION
romance, thrillers, horror, sci-fi, and FLASH FICTION
fanfiction. Notable flash fiction includes FLASH FICTION
FLASH FICTION
fables like Aesop’s Fables and classics FLASH FICTION
from writers like Walt Whitman. Flash FLASH FICTION
FLASH FICTION
fiction stories tend to be published in FLASH FICTION
anthologies, journals, and collections. FLASH FICTION
FLASH FICTION
FLASH FICTION
FLASH FICTION
FLASH FICTION
 SOME OF THE FLASH FICTION IN THE PHILIPPINES:

• Sacred Stone by Zorlone

• Midnight Collector by Alma Anonas-Carpio
• 100 Kislap by Abdon M. Balde Jr.(a compilation of short
stories of no more than 150 words in tagalog.)
• Karapote by Ariel S. Tabag (an anthology of Ilocano
short stories)
THANK YOU!
[email protected]
QUIZ TIME!
Direction: Read each statement carefully and
write the letter of the correct answer on a ¼ sheet
of paper.
_______1. French for “the ending,” it is often happy if
it’s a comedy, and dark and sad if it’s a tragedy.
A. Denoument C. Rising Action
B. Exposition D. Climax
_______2. There is often a complication in this part,
which means the problem the character tried to solve
gets more complex.
C. Denoument C. Rising Action
D. Exposition D. Climax
_______3. It is the way an author presents a
character.
A. Dialogue C. Plot
B. Theme D.
Characterization
_______4. In a story this is the person who actively
opposes the main character.
C. Protagonist C. Set
D. Antagonist D. Costumes
________5. This is when the story reaches the point
of greatest tension between the protagonist and
antagonist.
A. Climax C. Resolution
B. Rising Action D. Denoument
 ANSWER
EXCHANGE YOUR PAPERS WITH YOUR
SEATMATE. WRITE “CORRECTED BY:” BELOW
_______1. French for “the ending,” it is often happy if
it’s a comedy, and dark and sad if it’s a tragedy.
A. Denoument C. Rising Action
B. Exposition D. Climax
_______2. There is often a complication in this part,
which means the problem the character tried to solve
gets more complex.
C. Denoument C. Rising Action
D. Exposition D. Climax
_______3. It is the way an author presents a
character.
A. Dialogue C. Plot
B. Theme D.
Characterization
_______4. In a story this is the person who actively
opposes the main character.
C. Protagonist C. Set
D. Antagonist D. Costumes
________5. This is when the story reaches the point
of greatest tension between the protagonist and
antagonist.
A. Climax C. Resolution
B. Rising Action D. Denoument