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Generation of Computer

Rohit Yadav presented on the five generations of computers. [1] The first generation used vacuum tubes, were room-sized, and relied on machine language. [2] The second generation used transistors, which made computers smaller, faster, and more efficient. [3] Integrated circuits were developed in the third generation, further increasing speed and efficiency while decreasing size. [4] The fourth generation saw the development of microprocessors, allowing computers to become smaller than a person's hand and leading to personal computers and networks. [5] The fifth generation aims to develop artificial intelligence capabilities like natural language understanding and self-learning.

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87 views14 pages

Generation of Computer

Rohit Yadav presented on the five generations of computers. [1] The first generation used vacuum tubes, were room-sized, and relied on machine language. [2] The second generation used transistors, which made computers smaller, faster, and more efficient. [3] Integrated circuits were developed in the third generation, further increasing speed and efficiency while decreasing size. [4] The fourth generation saw the development of microprocessors, allowing computers to become smaller than a person's hand and leading to personal computers and networks. [5] The fifth generation aims to develop artificial intelligence capabilities like natural language understanding and self-learning.

Uploaded by

rohityd2359
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Presentation On

Generation Of Computer

Made By
Rohit Yadav
B.com1st
Year
History of
The history of Computer
computer development is a computer
science topic that is often used to reference the
different generations of computing devices.
Each one of the 5 generations of computers is
characterized by a major technological development
that fundamentally changed the way computers
operate. Most major developments from
the 1940's to present day have resulted in increasingly
smaller, cheaper, more powerful and more efficient
computing devices.
Five Generations of Computers Checklist

Getting Started: Key Terms to Know


First Generation: Vacuum Tubes
Second Generation Transistors
Third Generation Integrated Circuits
Fourth Generation Microprocessors
Fifth Generation Artificial Intelligence
First Generation: Vacuum Tubes (1940-1956)

 Features of first generation computer


 Very Large.
 More Power Consumption.
 Thermionic value.
 Slow.
 Machine Language for Coding.
 Hard to maintain.
The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums
for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms. These
computers were very expensive to operate and in addition to using a
great deal of electricity, the first computers generated a lot of heat,
which was often the cause of malfunctions.

First generation computers relied on machine language, the lowest-level


programming language understood by computers, to perform operations,
and they could only solve one problem at a time. It would take operators
days or even weeks to set-up a new problem. Input was based on punched
cards and paper tape, and output was displayed on printouts.

The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of


first-generation computing devices. The UNIVAC
was the first commercial computer delivered
to a business client, the U.S. Census Bureau in 1951.
Second Generation: Transistors (1956-1963)

 Features of second generation computer:


 Transistor Memory.
 Power consumption rate decreased.
 Efficiency increased.
 Speed increased.
 High level Language for coding.
 Application Software.
 Memory increased.
The world would see transistors replace vacuum tubes in the
second generation of computers. The transistor was invented at
Bell Labs in 1947 but did not see widespread use in computers
until the late 1950s.

The transistor was far superior to the vacuum tube, allowing


computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-
efficient and more reliable than their first-generation predecessors.
Though the transistor still generated a great deal of heat that
subjected the computer to damage, it was a vast improvement
over the vacuum tube. Second-generation computers still relied
on punched cards for input and printouts for output.
Third Generation: Integrated Circuits (1964-1971)

 Features of Third generation of computers:


 IC as Memory.
 Memory high.
 Power Consumption Law.
 Speed more.
 Efficiency More.
 First home computer (PC).
The development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third
generation of computers. Transistors were miniaturized and placed on
silicon chips, called semiconductors, which drastically increased the
speed and efficiency of computers.
Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted with third
generation computers through keyboards and monitors and
interfaced with an operating system, which allowed the device to
run many different applications at one time with a central program
that monitored the memory. Computers for the first time became
accessible to a mass audience because they were smaller and
cheaper than their predecessors.

Did You Know... ? An integrated circuit (IC) is a small electronic


device made out of a semiconductor material. The first integrated
circuit was developed in the 1950s by Jack Kirby of Texas
Instruments and Robert Nonce of Fairchild Semiconductor.
Fourth Generation: Microprocessors (1971-Present)

o Features of fourth generation computer:


o VLSI technology used.
o Very cheap.
o Pipeline processing.
o Use of PCs.
o Vary small size.
o No AC required.
o Concept of internet was introduced.
The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as
thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip.
What in the first generation filled an entire room could now fit in the
palm of the hand. The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, located all
the components of the computer—from the central processing unit and
memory to input/output controls—on a single chip

In 1981 IBM introduced its first computer for the home user, and in 1984
Apple introduced the Macintosh. Microprocessors also moved out of the
realm of desktop computers and into many areas of life as more and
more everyday products began to use microprocessors

As these small computers became more


powerful, they could be linked together
to form networks, which eventually led
to the development of the Internet.
Fourth generation computers also saw
the development of GUIs, the mouse
and handheld devices.
Fifth Generation: Artificial
Intelligence(Present and Beyond)

 Features of fifth generation of computer:


 Can think and understand.
 Speech in natural language.
 Self-decision capability.
 Very fast execution.
 Very large memory.
Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are
still in development, though there are some applications, such as
voice recognition, that are being used today. The use of parallel
processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence
a reality. Quantum computation and molecular and nanotechnology
will radically change the face of computers in years to come. The goal
of fifth-generation computing is to develop devices that respond to
natural language input and are capable of learning and self-organization.

ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) as CPU components and AI (Artificial


Intelligence) are main features of this generation. ULSI has more than
million components integrated in single chip. The capability of thinking
and self-decision making is equipped with computer. Fifth generation
language (After 1990) is an advance high level or very high level
language is used in this generation.
Thank you for
Watching.

The End

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