Salas PSQ4W3L1-2

Physical Science
Quarter 4
Week 3 Lesson
1 and 2
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Objectives:
1.Describe how the propagation of light, reflection,
and refraction are explained by the wave model
and the particle model of light.
2.Explain how the photon concept and the fact that
the energy of a photon is directly proportional to
its frequency can be used to explain why red light
is used in photographic dark rooms, why we get
easily sunburned in ultraviolet light but not in
visible light, and how we see colors.
The Nature of Light
Light – is a form of energy (electromagnetic

radiation) with a wavelength (distance between
the points) and frequency which can be detected
by the human eye. Electromagnetic Radiation
includes radio waves, microwaves, light
ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.
Light- is an electromagnetic wave.
Light -travels in vacuum at 3 x m/s.
The Propagation of Light as Wave Model and Particle Model
A. Light as a Wave
1. Beams of light seem to flow like waves through the air.
2. Light has a measurable wavelength ,amplitude and
frequency just like a regular wave.
B. Light as a Particle
1. Light comes in bundled amount called
photons.
2. Photons carry a fixed amount of energy but
have no mass.
C. Reflection - is the bouncing back of a particle or
wave that strikes a smooth surface.
a.)Incident ray-is the ray of light that strikes the
surface.
b.)Reflected ray- is the bouncing back of ray after

striking the reflecting surface.
c.)Law of Reflection – The angle of incidence

equals the angle of reflection.
D.Refraction – is the bending or change in
direction of light when it travels from one
medium to another caused by a change in
speed.
1.) When light travels through a given medium
such as air, glass, or water, its speed changes.
2.) The Index of Refraction (n)- gives the relative
change in the speed of light.
n = the index of refraction
n=c/v
c = the speed of light in vacuum (3 x m/s)
v = the speed of light in the given medium
The Photon Concept and the Fact that Energy
of a Photon is Directly Proportional to its Frequency
Albert Einstein's Light Quantum Theory

Albert Einstein (German Physicist)- believed that light
is a particle (photon) and the flow of photons is a
wave. The main point of Einstein's light quantum
theory is that light's energy is related to its oscillation
frequency. Oscillation frequency is equal to the speed
of light divided by its wavelength.
f=v/λ
f = frequency in cycle per second(cps),Hertz(Hz)
v = the speed of light in the given medium
λ = wavelength in meters , centimeter (m,cm)
f=v/λ
Sir Isaac Newton Albert Einstein
Sir Isaac Newton realized that light had
frequency-like properties when he used a
prism to split sunlight into its component
colors. Nevertheless he thought that light
was a particle because the boundary of the
shadows it created was extremely sharp
and clear.
Why Red Light is used in photographic dark room?
Red light is used in darkroom to control light so that light-

sensitive photographic paper would not become overexposed
and ruin the pictures during the developing process. Red
lights are used for processing paper.
A safelight is a light source suitable for use in a photographic

darkroom.
Why we get easily sunburned in ultraviolet light
but not in visible light?
Ultra Violet light has a shorter wavelength than

Visible light. UV photons have the right energies to
cause chemical changes. It possesses more energy
than regular Visible Light. Too much ultraviolet, or UV
exposure can cause sunburn. The UV rays penetrate
outer skin layers and hit the deeper layers of the skin,
where they can damage or kill skin cells.
How we see colors?
The human eye and brain together translate light into color.
Light receptors within the eye transmit messages to the
brain, which produces the familiar sensations of color. The
surface of an object reflects some colors (Red, Orange
Yellow, Green, Blue,Indigo,Violet) and absorbs all the
others.
Objects appear different colors because they absorb some
colors (wavelengths) and reflected or transmit other colors.
The colors we see are the wavelengths that are reflected or
transmitted. White objects appear white because they reflect
all colors. Black objects absorb all colors so no light is
reflected.
In summary:
• Describe how the propagation of light, reflection, and

refraction are explained by the wave model and the particle
model of light.
Both the particle and wave theories adequately explain reflection

from a smooth surface. However, the particle theory also
suggests that if the surface is very rough, the particles bounce
away at a variety of angles, scattering the light. This theory fits
very closely to experimental observation.
• Explain how the photon concept and the fact that the energy of
a photon is directly proportional to its frequency can be used to
explain why red light is used in photographic dark rooms, why
we get easily sunburned in ultraviolet light but not in visible
light, and how we see colors.
Photon energy is the energy carried by a single photon. The amount

of energy is directly proportional to the photon's electromagnetic
frequency and thus, equivalently, is inversely proportional to the
wavelength. The higher the photon's frequency, the higher its
energy.
Why Red Light is used in photographic dark room?
Red light is used in darkroom to control light so that light-

sensitive photographic paper would not become overexposed
and ruin the pictures during the developing process.
Red lights are used for processing paper. A safelight is a light

source suitable for use in a photographic darkroom.
Why do we get easily sunburned in ultraviolet
light?
UV photons have the right energies to cause

chemical changes. When UV light hits your skin,
the DNA in your skin cells can undergo chemical
change. By comparison, visible light has
wavelengths from about 400 to 700 nm. Since
UVB and UVC waves have more energy, they have
the greatest potential to damage the skin.

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Physical Science

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Light – is a form of energy (electromagnetic

b.)Reflected ray- is the bouncing back of ray after

c.)Law of Reflection – The angle of incidence

Albert Einstein's Light Quantum Theory

Red light is used in darkroom to control light so that light-

A safelight is a light source suitable for use in a photographic

Ultra Violet light has a shorter wavelength than

• Describe how the propagation of light, reflection, and

Both the particle and wave theories adequately explain reflection

Photon energy is the energy carried by a single photon. The amount

Red light is used in darkroom to control light so that light-

Red lights are used for processing paper. A safelight is a light

UV photons have the right energies to cause

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