Scribd
Upload
31 views13 pages

Types of Variables: by Shama Khan Roll No:190221

This document defines and provides examples of different types of variables: - Independent variables stand alone and are not affected by other variables. Dependent variables depend on and can change due to other factors like an independent variable. - Intervening variables affect the relationship between an independent and dependent variable. Moderator variables can strengthen or alter this relationship. - Control variables are held constant in a study. Extraneous variables are not being investigated but could influence outcomes if not controlled. - Variables can also be continuous with infinite values, discrete with whole numbers, quantitative with numbers, or categorical with named groups.

Uploaded by

hashmilaiba847
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
31 views13 pages

Types of Variables: by Shama Khan Roll No:190221

This document defines and provides examples of different types of variables: - Independent variables stand alone and are not affected by other variables. Dependent variables depend on and can change due to other factors like an independent variable. - Intervening variables affect the relationship between an independent and dependent variable. Moderator variables can strengthen or alter this relationship. - Control variables are held constant in a study. Extraneous variables are not being investigated but could influence outcomes if not controlled. - Variables can also be continuous with infinite values, discrete with whole numbers, quantitative with numbers, or categorical with named groups.

Uploaded by

hashmilaiba847
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

Types of variables

By shama khan
Roll no:190221
Variables

• A variable in research simply refers to a person,


place, thing, or phenomenon that you are trying to
measure in some way OR a variable is a
measurable characteristic of an individual,group
and situation that varies.
• FOR EXAMPLE:Height,age,temperature,test
scores etc.
Types of variables

• INDEPENDENT VARIABLE(EXOGENOUS):An independent


variable is exactly what it sounds like. It is a variable
that stands alone and isn't changed by the other
variables you are trying to measure. For example,
someone's age might be an independent variable.
Dependent variable

• The variable that depends on other factors that are


measured. These variables are expected to change as a
result of an experimental manipulation of the
independent variable or variables.
• Example:For example, a test score could be a dependent variable
because it could change depending on several factors such as how
much you studied, how much sleep you got the night before you
took the test, or even how hungry you were when you took it.
Intervening variable

• An intervening variable is a variable that


affects the relationship between an
independent variable and a
dependent variable.
• Often this type of variable can appear when
researchers are studying the relationship between
two variables and don’t realize that another variable
is actually intervening in the relationship.
• Example:
Moderator variable
• The term moderating variable refers to a variable that can strengthen,
diminish, negate, or otherwise alter the association between
independent and dependent variables. Moderating variables can also
change the direction of this relationship.
• Moderators can be: Categorical variables such as ethnicity, race, religion,
favorite colors, health status, or stimulus type, Quantitative variables
such as age, weight, height, income etc.
Control variable

• A control variable is any variable that's


held constant in a research study.
Extraneous variable

• extraneous variable is any variable that


you're not investigating that can potentially
affect the outcomes of your research study.
If left uncontrolled, extraneous variables can
lead to inaccurate conclusions about the
relationship between independent and
dependent variables.
• Participant's interest in science.
• Demographic variables such as gender
or educational background.
• Time of day of testing.
• Experiment environment or setting.
OTHERS

• CONTINUOUS VARIABLE:They have infinite number of values.


• Eg:time,weight,height.
• Discrete variable:These are whole numbers without points.
• Eg: Number of children per family.
• Quantitative variable:qualitative variable, also called categorical,
is one in which the variable categories are not described as
numbers but instead by verbal groupings. There are two
classifications of categorical data: nominal and ordinal. Nominal
variables have “names,” not numerical values.
• Categorical(nominal)variable:variables that can be put in
categories.
• Eg:Male and female
• Ordinal variables:similar to categorical(nominal) but in order.
• Example:Ordinaldata classifies data while introducing
an order, or ranking. For instance, measuring
economic status using the hierarchy: 'wealthy', 'middle
income' or 'poor. '

You might also like