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Developing Supporting Material

This chapter discusses developing supporting material for speeches. It provides guidelines on using a variety of supporting materials such as examples, stories, testimony, facts, and statistics. The key points are: 1. Consider the target audience when choosing supporting materials. Tailor the type and complexity of materials to the audience. 2. Offer different types of examples like brief examples, extended examples, and hypothetical examples to illustrate ideas for audiences unfamiliar with the topic. 3. Incorporate stories, either personal or fictional, to convey messages powerfully by including characters, conflicts, and resolutions. 4. Cite expert and lay testimony to lend credibility and provide first-hand perspectives on issues. 5. Use

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39 views

Developing Supporting Material

This chapter discusses developing supporting material for speeches. It provides guidelines on using a variety of supporting materials such as examples, stories, testimony, facts, and statistics. The key points are: 1. Consider the target audience when choosing supporting materials. Tailor the type and complexity of materials to the audience. 2. Offer different types of examples like brief examples, extended examples, and hypothetical examples to illustrate ideas for audiences unfamiliar with the topic. 3. Incorporate stories, either personal or fictional, to convey messages powerfully by including characters, conflicts, and resolutions. 4. Cite expert and lay testimony to lend credibility and provide first-hand perspectives on issues. 5. Use

Uploaded by

l.nabache
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 8:

Developing
Supporting Material
Presented by:
• Louardi Ahlame
• Nabache Lara

Supervised by :
• DR. Laabidi Youssouf
Table of contents
01 02 03
Use a Variety of Supporting Consider the Target Audience Offer Examples
Materials • Brief Examples
• Extended Examples
• Hypothetical Examples

04 05 06
Offer Stories Draw on Testimony Provide Facts and Statistics
The term supporting material refers to the
examples, narratives, testimony, facts, and
statistics that support the speech thesis and form
the speech. They bring clarity to the idea being
communicated, add to the speaker’s credibility,
assure the audience that the speaker is an expert
or has thoroughly researched the topic, and they
add vividness to the speech.
01
Use a Variety of Supporting
Material
Any speech you deliver will require a
variety of supporting material other than
your own personal opinion or experience.
This holds true whether or not you possess
expert knowledge on a topic. People want to
know the truth about a given matter, and,
unless they view you as a true authority on
the subject.
02
Consider the Target
Audience
In a speech , the speaker has to
take the audience into account in
order to decide upon the research
he or she will offer them.
The speaker should weight the evidence of his or
her speech in favor of facts and expert testimony ,
or personal stories and examples depending on
how the audience feels about the topic.
The choice of sources is also
very important, not every source
is appropriate for every audience.
Considering both your audience and objectives
while creating supporting materials can prevent
potential mismatches between the audience and
the content supporting your speech.
03
Offer Examples
These supporting materials are useful when
speaking about an idea or topic the audience is
unaware of or unfamiliar with. Examples try to
illustrate or describe ideas/things in a real and
concrete way, thus minimizing/simplifying their
complexity. There are various types of examples:
brief, extended, and hypothetical examples.
Brief examples are short and use a single
illustration of an idea. They quickly
reinforce one's point/idea.
Extended examples offer multifaceted
illustrations of the idea, item, or event being described,
thereby allowing the speaker to create a more detailed
picture for the audience
Hypothetical examples are used to describe
events/ideas that are yet to happen, but might
happen in the future. Hypothetical examples can
sometimes begin with the term "imagine".
04
Offer Stories
Stories are the most powerful way to convey a message and connect
with the audience. The story can be either based on personal
experiences or imaginary incidents. They can be short , describing brief
incidents worked into the body of the speech, or long, constituting most
of the presentation and serving as the organizing framework for it.
The essential elements of storytelling are , character, challenge or
conflict, and resolution, or means of dealing with the challenge.
This elements must be told in order. First, the introduction of the
protagonist(the character). Then, telling the challenge or conflict the
character faces , while providing details of the challenge or conflict.
Finally, finishing with the resolution.
Example

Last year, we met a young man named Cornell at Central


Piedmont Community College in Charlotte, North Carolina. We
asked him to describe his typical day. He clocks into work at 11
P.M. When he gets off at 7 the next morning, he sleeps for an hour.
In his car. Then he goes to class until 2 o’clock. “After that,”
Cornell said, “I just crash.”

Melinda French Gates


Questions to evaluate the
story:
1. Is the story credible, or believable?
2. Is it compelling enough?
3. Does the example or story truly illustrate or
prove the point I need to make?
4. Is it suitable for my audience’s background and
experiences?
05
Draw on Testimony
Testimony is the firsthand information or an
experience/opinion from an individual or a group on a
certain topic. Testimonies can be sourced from experts,
laypeople (eyewitnesses and peers), or celebrities . There
are two types of testimonies ; extended testimony and lay
testimony.
Expert testimony includes findings,
eyewitness accounts or opinions by
professionals trained to evaluate a given
topic.
A testimony from a doctor on the
effects of a particular drug is an
example of expert testimony.
Lay testimony is a statement that
comes from someone who's a
nonexpert who eyewitnessed a
situation .
For example, say that a witness states: “I
observed a black truck approach a red light
and continue driving through it without
stopping.” This is testimony as to a factual
observation.
06
Provide Facts and
Statistics
Most people do not believe in someone
else’s claims or position, they rather believe
in some type of credible evidence like facts
and statistics. Facts are only facts if they
have been independently verified by people
other than the source.
Use Statistics Selectively-and Memorably

Statistics serve to clarify complex information by


making abstract concepts tangible. When using
them in presentations, it is crucial not to
overwhelm the audience.
Use Statistics Accurately

Statistics, like frequencies and percentages, bring precision to the


speech claims. Frequencies can indicate size, describe trends, or
help listeners understand comparisons between two or more
categories, While percentages are to express proportion, the
quantified portion of a whole. They help the audience in easily
grasping comparisons between things.
Use Types of Averages Accurately

Average means a summary of set of data according to its typical or average


characteristics; may refer to the mean, median, or mode.
Example:
Consider a teacher whose nine students scored 5, 19, 22, 23, 24, 26, 28, 28, and 30, with
30 points being the highest possible grade.
The following illustrates how she would calculate the three types of averages.
• The mean score is 22.8, the arithmetic average, the sum of the scores divided by nine.
• The median score is 24, the center-most score in a distribution, or the point above and
below which 50 percent of the nine scores fall.
• The mode score is 28, the most frequently occurring score in the distribution.
Present Statistics Ethically

Steps to follow to reduce the likehood of using false or misleading statistics:


• Use only Reliable Statistics.
• Present Statistics in Context.
• Avoid Confusing Statistics with “Absolute Truth”.
• Orally refer to your Sources.
• Use Visual Aids.
Thank you for your attention

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