8086 Architecture
8086 Architecture
1
INTEL 8086 - Pin Details
Power Supply
5V 10%
Ground
Reset
Registers, seg
regs, flags
CS: FFFFH, IP:
0000H
If high for
minimum 4
Clock clks
Duty cycle: 33%
2
INTEL 8086 - Pin Details
Address/Data Bus:
Contains address Address Latch Enable:
bits A15-A0 when ALE
is 1 & data bits D15 – When high,
multiplexed
D0 when ALE is 0.
address/data bus
contains address
information.
3
INTEL 8086 - Pin Details
INTERRUPT
Non - maskable
interrupt
Interrupt
acknowledge
Interrupt request
4
INTEL 8086 - Pin Details
Direct
Memory
Access
Hold
Hold
acknowledge
5
INTEL 8086 - Pin Details
Address/Status Bus
Address bits A19 –
A16 & Status bits S6 –
S3
6
INTEL 8086 - Pin Details
1,1: No selection
7
INTEL 8086 - Pin Details
Min/Max mode
Minimum Mode: +5V
Maximum Mode: 0V
Maximum Mode
Pins
8
Minimum Mode- Pin Details
9
Maximum Mode - Pin Details
S2 S1 S0
000: INTA
001: read I/O port
010: write I/O port
011: halt
100: code access Status Signal
101: read memory
110: write memory Inputs to 8288 to
111: none -passive generate eliminated
signals due to max
mode.
10
Maximum Mode - Pin Details
Lock Output
Used to lock peripherals
off the system
DMA
Activated by using the Request/Grant
LOCK: prefix on any
instruction
Lock Output
11
Maximum Mode - Pin Details
QS1 QS0
00: Queue is idle
01: First byte of opcode
10: Queue is empty
11: Subsequent byte of
opcode
Queue Status
Used by numeric
coprocessor (8087)
12
Minimum Mode 8086 System
13
Minimum Mode 8086 System
14
‘Read’ Cycle timing Diagram for
Minimum Mode
15
‘Write’ Cycle timing Diagram for
Minimum Mode
16
Maximum Mode 8086 System
17
Maximum Mode 8086 System
18
Maximum Mode 8086 System
• Here, either a numeric coprocessor of the type 8087 or another
processor is interfaced with 8086.
• The three status outputs S0*, S1*, S2* from the processor are
input to 8788.
• The outputs of the bus controller are the Control Signals, namely
DEN, DT/R*, IORC*, IOWTC*, MWTC*, MRDC*, ALE etc.
19
Memory Read timing in
Maximum Mode
20
Memory Write timing in
Maximum Mode
21
8086 Control Signals
1. ALE
2. BHE
3. M/IO
4. DT/R
5. RD
6. WR
7. DEN
22
Coprocessor and Multiprocessor
configuration
• Multiprocessor Systems refer to the use of multiple
processors that executes instructions simultaneously
and communicate with each other using mail boxes and
Semaphores.
24
Coprocessor / Closely Coupled
Configuration
25
TEST pin of 8086
• Used in conjunction with the WAIT instruction in
multiprocessing environments.
26
Coprocessor Execution Example
Coprocessor cannot take control of the bus, it does everything through the CPU
27
Closely Coupled Execution Example
• Closely Coupled
processor may take
control of the bus
independently.
28
Loosely Coupled Configuration
• has shared system bus, system memory, and system
I/O.
31
WAIT State
Tw
1 2 3 4
Clock
READY
33
Minimum Mode System Memory Circuitry
34
Maximum Mode System Memory Circuitry
35