DJJ10013

ENGINEERING DRAWING

NORAZLINA BINTI ABDUL RAHMAN

JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
POLITEKNIK SULTAN HAJI AHMAD SHAH
013-9214378
 DJJ10013 – ENGINEERING
DRAWING

ENGINEERING DRAWING course provides the students with the fundamentals

of technical drawings and the application Computer Aided Design (CAD)
software. For technical drawing, it emphasizes on the practical knowledge of
drawing instruments and drawing techniques while for CAD the student will
learn to navigate and use the software to create 2D drawing design in
engineering. Students shall be able to demonstrate competency in using some
standard available features of technical drawing and CAD application to create
and manipulate objects or elements in engineering drawing.
COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES
(CLO)

Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:

 CLO1: Apply the fundamentals of technical drawing and

features of CAD software in producing engineering
drawing. (C3, PLO1)

 CLO2: Construct the technical drawing and 2D CAD drawing

according to the engineering drawing standards. (P3, PLO5)

 CLO3: Propose a project report with following engineering

norms and practices in engineering drawing. (A3, PLO8)
 TOPICS & DELIVERY METHODS CLO RTA (L: P)
INTRODUCTION TO TECHNICAL
CLO1 (01 : 00)
DRAWING
GEOMETRICAL DRAWING CLO1, CLO2 (01 : 05)
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION AND
CLO1, CLO2 (02 : 08)
ISOMETRIC
GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND
CLO1 (01 : 00)
TOLERANCE
SECTIONAL VIEW CLO1, CLO2 (01 : 02)
COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN (CAD) CLO 1 (01 : 00)
CREATING DRAWING CLO1, CLO2, CLO3 (1.5 : 8.5)
ANNOTATION AND DRAWING
CLO1, CLO2, CLO3 (02 : 06)
ORGANIZATION
ORTHOGRAPHIC AND ISOMERTIC CLO1, CLO2, CLO3 (1.5 : 06)
HATCHING OBJECT AND REUSABLE
CLO1, CLO2, CLO3 (0.5 : 1.5)
CONTENT
PLOTTING CLO1, CLO2, CLO3 (0.5 : 1.75)

Interactive Lectures, demonstration and discussion

ASSESSMENT
The course is assessed through coursework.
Coursework Assessment (CA) – 100%

Coursework is continuous assessment that measures

cognitive, psychomotor and affective.
THEORITICAL TEST (C) – 1 (15%)
PRACTICAL TASK (P) – 4 (60%)
PRACTICAL TEST (P) – 2 (15%)
REPORT (A) – 1 (10%)
INTRODUCTION TO TECHNICAL
DRAWING
 PURPOSE AND TYPES OF DRAWING
 INSTRUMENTS
 STANDARD IN TECHNICAL DRAWING
PAPER SIZE
SCALE
LETTERING AND NUMBER
 SYMBOLS
WELDING
PIPING
MACHINE
 Purpose of Technical Drawing

 The purpose of technical drawing is to communicate to

other engineers or technicians about the shape, size,
features and precision of physical objects.
 The end goal of the technical drawing is to convey all
the required information that will allow a manufacturer to
produce that component.
 Types of Technical Drawing

 Basically, drawing can be divided into two sections:

 Artist drawing
 Engineering drawing
Artist drawing is drawing that can be done by free sketching for
illustrated the real shape of objects, things or environment.
Engineering drawing or technical drawing is lines drawing using
engineering drawing tools. It represents the real object shape with
detail of sizes, dimensions and all views.
Exactness, technique, cleanness and quickness are very important to
practice in studying technical drawing.
Technical Drawing Instrument

Drawing board / table

Drawing sheet / paper
Drafting tape
Pencils
Eraser
T-square
Set – squares / triangles
Compasses
Dividers
Drawing board / table
Drawing board is made from strips of well seasoned
soft wood generally 25 mm thick.
One of the shorter edges of the rectangular board is
provided with perfectly straight ebony edge which is
used as working edge on which the T-square is moved
while making drawings.

Drawing Board
Drawing sheet / paper
They are available in many varieties and good quality
paper with smooth surface should be selected for
Drawings which are to be preserved for longer time.

Drawing sheet
Drafting Tape
These are used to fix the Drawing sheet on the
Drawing board.

Drafting Tape
Pencils
The accuracy and appearance of a Drawing depends on
the quality of Pencil used to make Drawing. The grade
of a Pencil lead is marked on the Pencil. HB denotes
medium grade. Increase in hardness is shown by value
put in front of H such as 2H, 3H etc., Softer pencils are
marked as 2B, 3B, 4B etc. A Pencil marked 3B is
softer than 2B and Pencil marked 4B is softer than 3B
and so on. Beginning of a Drawing may be made with
H or 2H. For lettering and dimensioning, H and HB
Pencils are used.

Pencils
Eraser
Erasing is a necessary part of engineering drawing
and, when done properly, enables to improve and
correct drawings easily. The eraser should have good
‘pick-up’ power without smudging

Eraser
T-square
The working edge of T-square is used to draw parallel
lines, vertical lines or horizontal line.

T-square
Set-Square / triangles
Set squares are generally made from Plastic or
celluloid material. They are triangular in shape with
one corner, a right angle triangle. A pair of set squares
(30°–60°) and 45° (45° set square are generally
provided with Protractor) facilitate marking of. They
are used to draw lines at 30°, 60° and 45° to the
vertical and horizontal.

Set-square
Compasses
Compasses is used for drawing circles and arcs of
circles. The compasses has two legs hinged at one end.
One of the legs has a pointed needle fitted at the lower
end where as the other end has provision for inserting
pencil lead.
A bow compasses has a center thumb wheel that is
used to set and hold the spacing between the center
point and the lead.

Compasses
Dividers
Dividers do not have a center wheel and are used to
quickly set off measurements from one view to
another. This is extremely useful in the construction of
mechanical drawings and for descriptive geometry.

Dividers
STANDARDS IN TECHNICAL
DRAWING
 PAPER SIZE
 SCALE
 LETTERING AND NUMBER
 TITLE BLOCK
Paper Size
Paper size typically comply with either of two
different standards, ISO (World Standard) or ANSI
(American National Standard Institute).

ISO ANSI Other

(mm) (inch) (inch)
A4 210 x 297 A 8.5 x 11 A 9 x 12
A3 297 x 420 B 11 x 17 B 12 x 18
A2 420 x 594 C 17 x 22 C 18 x 24
A1 594 x 841 D 22 x 34 D 24 x 36
A0 841 x 1189 E 34 x 44 E 36 x 48
Scale
Scale function is to decrease of object size from biggest size
or increase of object size from smallest size depends on
drawing paper size. The BS (British Standard) scales are:

o Full size ; 1:1

o Decrease of size from full size ; 1:2 1:20 1:200

1:5 1:50 1:500
1:10 1:100 1:1000

o Decrease of size from full size ; 2:1 20:1 200:1

5:1 50:1 500:1
10:1 100:1 1000:1
Lettering and Number
Technical lettering is the process of forming letters,
numerals, and other characters in technical drawing. It
is used to describe, or provide detailed specifications
for, an object. With the goals of legibility and
uniformity, styles are standardized and lettering ability
has little relationship to normal writing ability.
Example
SYMBOLS
WELDING
Weld symbols are often used among welders and
engineers

Types of welds and their symbols

Each welding position has its own basic symbol, which
is typically placed near the center of the reference line
(and above or below it, depending on which side of the
joint it's on). The symbol is a small drawing that can
usually be interpreted as a simplified cross-section of
the weld. In the descriptions below, the symbol is shown
in both its arrow-side and other-side positions.
Fillet welds

The fillet weld (pronounced "fill-it") is used to make

lap joints, corner joints and T joints. As its symbol
suggests, the fillet weld is roughly triangular in cross-
section, although its shape is not always a right
triangle or an isosceles triangle. Weld metal is
deposited in a corner formed by the fit-up of the two
members and penetrates and fuses with the base metal
to form the joint. (Note: for the sake of graphical
clarity, the drawings below do not show the
penetration of the weld metal. Recognize, however,
that the degree of penetration is important in
determining the quality of the weld.)
The perpendicular leg of the triangle is always drawn
on the left side of the symbol, regardless of the
orientation of the weld itself. The leg size is written to
the left of the weld symbol. If the two legs of the weld
are to be the same size, only one dimension is given; if
the weld is to have unequal legs (much less common
than the equal-legged weld), both dimensions are
given and there is an indication on the drawing as to
which leg is longer.
Groove welds

The groove weld is commonly used to make edge-to-edge

joints, although it is also often used in corner joints, T joints,
and joints between curved and flat pieces. As suggested by
the variety of groove weld symbols, there are many ways to
make a groove weld, the differences depending primarily on
the geometry of the parts to be joined and the preparation of
their edges. Weld metal is deposited within the groove and
penetrates and fuses with the base metal to form the joint.
(Note: for the sake of graphical clarity, the drawings below
generally do not show the penetration of the weld metal.
Recognize, however, that the degree of penetration is
important in determining the quality of the weld.)
The various types of groove weld are:
Square groove welds
The groove is created by either a tight fit or a slight
separation of the edges. The amount of separation, if
any, is given on the weld symbol.

V-groove welds
The edges of both pieces are chamfered, either singly
or doubly, to create the groove. The angle of the V is
given on the weld symbol, as is the separation at the
root (if any).
Bevel groove welds
The edge of one of the pieces is chamfered and the
other is left square. The bevel symbol's perpendicular
line is always drawn on the left side, regardless of the
orientation of the weld itself.

U-groove welds
The edges of both pieces are given a concave
treatment. Depth of edge treatment, effective throat
and separation at the root are described using the
methods discussed in the V-groove section
PIPING
Piping and Instrument Drawings (P&IDs) are
usually designed to present functional information
about a system or component. Examples are piping
layout, flow paths, pumps, valves, instruments, signal
modifiers, and controllers
Single Line Drawings
The single line format is most commonly used in
P&IDs;. The single line format represents all piping,
regardless of size, as single line. All system equipment
is represented by simple standard symbols (covered in
later modules). By simplifying piping and equipment,
single lines allow the system's equipment and
instrumentation relationships to be clearly understood
by the reader.
MACHINE
Machine drawings are designed to present the detailed
information required to construct or fabricate a part.
Machine or fabrication drawings, are similar to
construction and architectural drawing but are usually
found in machine shops and provide the necessary
detailed information for a craftsman to fabricate a part.
DIMENSIONING SYMBOLS IN
TECHNICAL DRAWING
 LENGTH
 DIAMETER OR RADIUS
 COUNTERBORE
LENGTH
LENGTH represent between symbols
Which a double ended arrow placed
between two letters indicates that a
control extends between two labeled
points on a feature.
DIAMETER
Diameter – A diameter symbol is placed in front of any
dimension value that is a diameter
COUNTERBORE
Counterbore Symbol – A counterbore symbol
combined with a diameter symbol is placed in front of
a specified counterbore or spotface diameter