RESEARCH STATUS ON ELECTRICAL AND

ELECTRONIC WASTE AS A CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL

S. Pream Kumar,
Reg.No: 9920138001

Under the Guidance of

1
Abstract
• Nowadays, electronic waste is one of the most emerging issues nowadays. Every
year huge amount of electronic wastes are generated globally.
• Informal handling of electronic waste causes environmental problems and treats to
public health.
• One of the safe disposals of electronic waste is to use as a part of construction
material, if the replacement of e-waste satisfies the desirable property of the
construction material.
• Their research strongly shows the possibility of E-waste being used as a replacement
of fine aggregates and coarse aggregates in different building components.
• The electronic waste was used in huge amount as construction materials, reduces the
cost of construction, saving the natural resources and protect the environment and
making as green concrete.

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Lit review – CA
Authors Title Inference
Suleman and Utilization of  Investigated the mechanical property of M30 grade concrete with m-sand and
Needhidasan Manufactured Sand as EEW plastic as replacement of Coarse Aggregate (CA). The experiment result
Fine Aggregates in shows that the 5.5 percent replacement of EEW provides 3 percent increase in
Electronic Plastic Waste compression and 16.5 percent decrease in flexural strength.
Concrete of M30 Mix

Evram et al Effects Of Waste  The mechanical property of concrete with EEW plastics is used as CA with
Electronic Plastic And replacement of 0-40 percent and the marble dust was used as an additive to the
Marble Dust On weight of cement by 0-15 percent. The results reveal that the marble dust in
Hardened Properties Of the concrete slightly improves the mechanical property, but the e-plastic in the
High Strength Concrete concrete reduces the strength.

Needhidasan Experimental Study On  used EEW plastic as a replacement of CA in concrete and studied the effect of
et al Use Of E-Waste Plastics mechanical property. From the results it found that the replacement of EEW
As Coarse Aggregate In plastic in concrete provides decreased compression and flexural strength and
Concrete With with 12.5-percentage replacement provides acceptable tensile strength when
Manufactured Sand compared to the standard concrete.

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Lit review – CA
Authors Title Inference
Shinu and An Experimental Study  used EEW in M40 grade concrete with percentage replacement of 12%, 17%,
Needhidasan of Replacing and 22% as CA. It has been found that, while increasing the percentage of
Conventional CA With EEW in concrete reduces the self-weight of e-concrete and mechanical
E-Waste Plastic For M40 property than the control specimen. They conclude that the loss of strength is
Grade Concrete Using due to weak bond between EEW plastic particles and cement paste and it is
River Sand advisable to use in non-structural members.

Rani et al Properties of Concrete  to reuse the EEW in coarse aggregate with varying percentages from 0% to
on Partial Addition of E- 20% with addition of metakaolin. The result shows that the possibility of
Waste and Metakaolin using e-waste as replacement of coarse aggregate and conclude that
workability decreases with increasing the e-waste. At the same time, it was
noticed that there is a decrease in the compressive and flexural strength.
Kumar and Recycling Of E-Plastic  have experimented the partial replacement of CA using electronic plastic
Baskar Waste As A Construction waste at various ranges from 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% in M25 grade of
Material In Developing concrete. They said that plastic aggregates have poor surface shape and
Countries texture, which greatly affects the fresh and hard characteristics of concrete
and proposed to use EEW up to 30% replacement of CA in unstructured light
elements.

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Lit review–CA
Authors Title Inference
Nathan et al Examination of Strength  have examined the waste Printed Circuit Board (PCB) used as a partial
And Durability Properties replacement of CA at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% in M30 grade of concrete.
Of E-Concrete Using PCB The study shows the presence of PCBs in concrete decreases the strength and
As Coarse Aggregate durability. Therefore, to improve strength and durability, it was necessary to
add pozzolanic materials such as silica fume.

Devi et al Study On Properties Of  studied the replacement of CA with EEW between 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and
Concrete With Electronic 20% in M20 grade of concrete. The works show it attains an optimum value in
Waste compressive strength and split tensile strength at 15% replacement of EEW in
CA. The compressive strength of concrete decrease when coarse aggregate
replaced beyond 15% with E waste.

Needhidasan Amalgamation Of E-  investigated the performance of M40 grade concrete containing EEW as an
et al Waste Plastics In Concrete alternative to the CA in volume by 0 to 22 percentage along with high range
With Super Plasticizer For water reducers. The result concluded that the presence of water reducer
Better Strength slightly increasing the workability of e-concrete and the mechanical property,
also increasing by increasing the EEW with concrete.

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Lit review–CA
Authors Title Inference
Rohini and Effect Of Bacteria  studied the effect of bacillus subtilis in the e-concrete with substitution of 0 to 20
Padmapriya Subtilis on E-Waste percent to CA. The results revealed that the bacteria in e-concrete improves the
Concrete self-healing property and simultaneously the mechanical strength by 2 percent.
The ideal percentage of EEW is 15 percent and bacillus subtilis is 2 percent.

Bharani et al Experimental  investigated the mechanical property of modified concrete with partial
Investigation On Partial replacement of steel slag to the m-sand and EEW to the CA. The steel slag in the
Replacement Of Steel e-concrete improves the resistance against early cracks and the strength carrying
Slag And E-Waste As capacity of the e-concrete also slightly increased while comparing to the
Fine And Coarse ordinary concrete.
Aggregate
Ullah et al An Experimental Study  study impact of the EEW was used to replace the CA in concrete. Mechanical
On The Mechanical property and durability test were carried out to examine the impact of e concrete.
And Durability The result shows that the mechanical property of the e-concrete was decreased
Properties Assessment up to 32 percent, at the same time the workability and durability property test
Of E-Waste Concrete show better results. Particularly increasing the EEW content in concrete
increasing the resistance against alternated wetting and drying, sorptivity and
abrasion loss.
6
Lit review–CA
Authors Title Inference

Arivalagan Experimental Study on the  developed the green concrete using EEW with replacement of 10%, 20%, and
Properties of Green 30% of coarse aggregate. He said that the electronic waste in concrete does
Concrete by Replacement not affect the workability and mechanical property of concrete up to 20%
of E-Plastic Waste as replacement of Coarse Aggregate (CA).
Aggregate

Santhanam Experimental Study on  study the EEW was replaced by 0%, 8%, 12%, and 16% as CA in concrete
and High Strength Concrete with super plasticizers and result shows that the compression, flexural and
Anbuarasu (M60) With Reused E- tensile strength of concrete contain EEW plastic is improving when
Waste Plastics compared to traditional concrete.

Rajesh et al Partial Replacement of  has explained the partial replacement of EEW in CA at different ranges from
Coarse Aggregate Using E- 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. He achieved the improved compressive strength
Waste when coarse aggregate is replaced with 15% of e waste and also suggested
using in lightweight concrete.

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Lit review–CA
Authors Title Inference

Balaji et al Experimental Investigation  made an effort to replace EEW as CA at different percentages, such as 10%,
of E-Waste based Concrete 20% and 30% in concrete of M30grade. The study evidence that e-waste
can be substituted for coarse aggregate in concrete. The compressive and
tensile strengths are maintained the same as that of conventional concrete,
when the substitution was up to 20% of e-waste and this may reduce the
construction costs.

Saranya et al An Experimental Study On  conducted the study to dispose the large amount of EEW by replacing it in
Partial Replacement For CA in the range from 0%, 32%, 34%, 36%, and 38% in M25, grade of
Coarse Aggregate By E- concrete mix. From this, it has concluded that the e-waste in concrete
Waste In Concrete improving the impermeability property and recommended for non-structural
application.

Manatkar And Use Of Non-Metallic E-  have conducted the study on replacement of EEW in CA at various
Deshmukh Waste As A Coarse proportions from 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% in M20 and M25 grade of
Aggregate In A Concrete concrete. The test result shows that flow and mechanical property were
same as regular concrete up to 5% replacement.

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Lit review–CA
Authors Title Inference

Kaniskha et al Study On Concrete With E-  made the replacement of CA with EEW in the range from 0%, 5%, 10%,
Waste As Partial 15%, 20% and 25%. The results indicated that the percentage of
Replacement Of Coarse replacement of CA with E-waste increased above 10% of compression, 5%
Aggregate And M-Sand As of bending and 15% of tensile strength than the conventional mix.
Fine Aggregate

Suchithra et Study On Replacement Of  conducted the work on M20 grade of concrete mix. The CA is replacement
al. Coarse Aggregate By E- by EEW in the range from 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The results show
Waste In Concrete that the addition of e-waste as CA in concrete increases the compressive
strength up to 15% and indicates no effects under sulphate attack and
chloride attack.

Selvam and Recycle Of E-Waste in  carried out a study to partial replacement of EEW at the rate of 10%, 20%
Krishna Concrete and 30% in CA. The work concluded that 20% of E-waste can be
substituted as CA in concrete with acceptable strength properties.

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Lit review–CA
Authors Title Inference

Raut et al Experimental Study On  used EEW as a replacement to the CA at different ranges from 5%, 10%, 15%,
Utilization Of E -Waste and 20%. The study concluded that the optimal results for compressive strength
In Cement Concrete and tensile strength testing are at 15% of coarse aggregate substitution.

Kumar et al Experimental  had use EEW as a replacement of CA at 0%, 10%, 15%, and 20% in M25 grade
Investigation on of concrete. The study concludes that the compressive, flexural and tensile
Strength and Durability strength was increased when replacing 15% of CA with EEW in concrete.
Characteristics of
Concrete by Partial
Replacement of Coarse
Aggregate by E-Waste
Rajkumar and Experimental  made the replacement of CA with E-waste in the range of 10%, 15%, and 20%
Nithya Investigation on The in M25 grade of concrete. The study concludes that e-waste can be effectively
Strength Properties Of used as by-product in construction industry and the optimum of 10 percentage
M25 Grade Concrete replacement of EEW by CA in M25 grade concrete is recommended.
With Partial
Replacement Of Coarse
Aggregate By E-Waste
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Lit review–CA
Authors Title Inference
Dawande et al Utilization Of E-Waste  have researched the partial replacement of coarse aggregate by EEW and cement
as A Partial by fly ash at varying percentages 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. The results
Replacement Of indicate that the percentage of electronic waste increases, the working capacity of
Coarse Aggregate in concrete increases and achieved higher compressive and flexural strength. E-
Concrete waste can be used as an alternative to coarse aggregate up to 10% with 25
percentage replacement of fly ash by the weight of cement.

Naidu and Experimental Study On  utilized EEW in concrete as CA about 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% and the cement
Thangamani Concrete Compressive was replaced by fly ash in a constant percentage of 20. This work noticed that the
Strength Using E workability of the concrete increases with EEW replacement of 15 and 20% in
Plastic Waste the presence of fly ash and the mechanical property of the concrete was as same
as conventional concrete. Finally, it is recommended to use 15% of EEW as
coarse aggregate to achieve the strength equal to the normal concrete.

Ahirwar et al An Experimental Study  done an investigation of EEW in concrete as CA replaced by 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%,
on Concrete By Using 20%, 25%, and 30% and 10%, 20% and 30% of fly ash to cement. The study
E-Waste As Partial revealed that workability of the concrete is improved and suggested to use fly ash
Replacement For at 30% with e-waste at 30% in concrete for better results.
Course Aggregate

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Lit review–CA
Authors Title Inference
Deshpande et E-Waste: An  used EEW and tested mechanical properties and workability of the concrete. In
al Alternative To Partial this study, the partial replacement of CA with EEW by 10%, 20% and 30% and
Replacement Of cement with fly ash by 10 to 20 percentage. The study concludes that the
Coarse Aggregate In precense of fly ash improves the strength property of e-concrete with 20%
Concrete replacement of E-waste; beyond this, the strength is reduced.

Andavan et al Partial Replacement Of  have utilized the EEW in concrete with m-sand. EEW is replaced by CA at 0%,
Coarse Aggrigate By 5%, 10%, 20% and 30%. Besides that, constant amount of fly ash is added to the
Using Electronic Waste cement to improve the strength property of concrete. The results show that there
is no fresh and harden property change up to 10% of e-waste replacement to the
CA while comparing the conventional concrete.
Ramadevi and Investigation On  have partially replaced the CA with EEW in concrete ranges from 10%, 20%, and
Menaka Partial Replacement Of 30% in M30 grade of concrete. They also made the addition of 25% of fly ash to
E-Waste As Coarse cement and 25% of Fine Aggregate (FA) to the M-sand. From the study it shows
Aggregate In Concrete that the optimal substitution rate of electronic waste of 10% to the coarse
aggregate and the permeability of e-concrete is better than that of ordinary
concrete.

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Lit review–CA
Authors Title Inference
Shukla et al Study Of Compressive  developed the concrete with various proportions of EEW (1%, 1.5%, and
Strength Of Concrete By 2%) used as a part of coarse aggregate, along with addition of fly ash and
Using E-Waste plasticizers. The work concludes that, due to the effectiveness of fly ash and
plasticizers, the e-concrete specimen achieved improved compressive
strength up to 2% replacement of EEW.
Kumar et al. Performance Evaluation Of  had used the EEW as a partial replacement to CA in concrete with Jute
E-Waste And Jute Fibre Fibres (JF) as an additive. EEW at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and JF at 0.5 to 1%.
Reinforced Concrete The test results show that the addition of EEW reduces the self-weight and
Through Partial improves the tensile, brittle and ductile properties of the concrete and JF
Replacement Of Coarse increases mechanical strength and captures cracks at an early stage. The
Aggregates study recommends using 1% JF and 15% of EEW for better results.
Hamsavathi et Green high strength  tested the structural behavior of concrete beam consists of EEW plastics as
al concrete containing replacement of CA range from 0 to 20 percentage. The study shows that up
recycled Cathode Ray Tube to 15 percent replacement of EEW provides nearly equal strength rise in
Panel Plastics (E-waste) as structural behaviour further increasing the EEW content in concrete reduces
coarse aggregate in concrete the density and simultaneously unit weight of concrete.
beams for structural
applications

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Lit review – CA
Authors Title Inference
Mane et al An experimental study  carried out a study in m30 grade concrete with m-sand and partial replacement of
on properties of coarse aggregate in 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. The study suggested to use
concrete produced with superplasticizer to improve the workability and the results show higher
M-sand and E-sand compressive, tensile and flexural strength and less chloride penetrability at 20%
replacement of m-sand by e waste.

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Lit review – FA
Authors Title Inference
Ali et al Effect Of Waste  studied the mechanical property and thermal performance of concrete with partial
Electronic Plastic And replacement of EEW plastic as Fine Aggregate (FA). The result discovered that
Silica Fume On the EEW plastic powder in concrete reduces the mechanical strength and to
Mechanical Properties overcome this silica fume was included in the concrete mixture to the
And Thermal replacement of cement. The silica fume in the composites increasing the EEW
Performance Of modified concrete (EMC) but the strength of EEW was still below 4.5-percentage
Concrete of the conventional concrete. The thermal analysis test shows increased
performance at 3000C while comparing the conventional concrete.
Zhao et al Properties Of Mortar  investigated the fresh and mechanical property of modified cement mortar with
Prepared With Recycled 25 percent replacement of fly ash or GGBS with cement and 0-70 percent
Cathode Ray Tube replacement of Cathode Ray Glass Tube (CRGT) with FA. From the test result, it
Funnel Glass Sand At was noticed that the fresh mortar with higher CRGT produced higher wet density
Different Mineral and it also increasing the drying shrinkage while comparing with normal mortar.
Admixture GGBS incorporated mortar with CRGT has increased mechanical property,
drying shrinkage and less leaching effect than the mortar with fly ash.

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Lit review – FA
Authors Issue Addressed Inference
Liu et al Dynamic Mechanical  examined the dynamic property such as wind, earthquake and impact load
Analysis Of Cement analysis of CRGT powder replacement ranging from 0 to 100 percentage as FA
Mortar Prepared With in cement mortar. CRGT in mortar has a negligible impact on stiffness and
Recycled Cathode Ray vibration frequency of mortar, but the compression and flexural strength were
Tube (CRT) Glass As decreasing in the increasing CRGT content in mortar.
Fine Aggregate
Lin et al Utilization Of Recycled  utilized the CRGT as a substitution of fine aggregate in mortar to investigate the
Glass Derived From alkali-silica reaction and leaching property of modified mortar. The modified
Cathode Ray Tube Glass mortar provides less water absorption and due to the less bonding between
As Fine Aggregate In CGRT and the cement, mechanical property of modified mortar gets reduced.
Cement Mortar There is no leaching of lead was noticed, but the expansion was severe in alkali-
silica reaction.

Ling et al A Comparative Study On  compared the effect of CRGT and beverage glass powder (BGP) as a partial
The Feasible Use Of alternative to the FA in mortar. The results show that both waste glasses in
Recycled Beverage And mortar reduces the water absorption and the mechanical property. The
CRT Funnel Glass As performance of CRGT mortar was lower than the BGP due to the retardation
Fine Aggregate In Cement property of lead in CRGT.
Mortar
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Lit review – FA
Authors Title Inference
Romero et Study On The  studied the strength and durability performance of CRGT replaced cement
al Mechanical And concrete. The test results show, while comparing the conventional concrete, the
Environmental CRGT–concrete giving acceptable strength but the workability of the modified
Properties Of Concrete concrete was decreasing. At the same time, 10-percentage of CRGT in modified
Containing Cathode Ray concrete shows deleterious expansion.
Tube Glass Aggregate
Kalpana et Performance Study  replaced the FA in concrete with EEW PCB powder to study the mechanical
al about Ductility characteristics. From the test results, it concludes that the 20-percentage replaced
Behaviour in Electronic PCB powder shows 1.2 percent rise in compression, 6.5 percentage rise in flexure
Waste Concrete strength and the ductility property also increasing with increasing EEW in
concrete. But the split tensile strength of the concrete was reduced to 4.7 percent.

Waghmare Influence Of E-Waste  experiment the replacement of EEW FA in concrete. The percentage of EEW
et al As Partial Replacement replacement is 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of the FA. The work shows that
For Cement Material adding e-waste up to 10% leads to an increase in compressive strength.

17
Lit review – FA
Authors Title Inference
Iyappan et Experimental Study On  have studied the reuse of electronic waste in concrete. In this work, the EEW
al Concrete Using E-Waste used as a powder in partial replacement to FA. The percentages of E waste
powder are replaced by 0%, 5%, and 10% by the weight of FA in M25 grade
concrete. Substituting 10% E-waste in FA improves the mechanical properties of
concrete.
Harish and An Experimental  have experimented to use EEW as a substitute for FA. Compared with
Sagar Laboratory Study on conventional concrete, the compressive strength of E concrete, which contains
Utilisation of E-waste 5% EEW shows a significant increase in strength and durability property.
As A Partial
Replacement Of Fine
Aggregates In Concrete
Iniyan and Utilization Of Waste  have utilized waste PCB as a partial replacement for FA in concrete at 10%, 20%,
Shanmugas Printed Circuit Boards 30%, 40%, 50% and in addition to it, 30% replacement of fly ash to the cement in
undaram As Partial Replacement M25 grade concrete is done. The study shows that it is recommended to replace
For Fine Aggregate In up to 10% in load-bearing structure.
Concrete

18
Lit review – FA
Authors Title Inference
Dhanraj and An Experimental Study  investigated the behaviour of M30 concrete prepared with PCB cutting residue as
Selvamony To Analyze The part of FA at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, and 50%. In
Strength And Thermal addition to that, 10% fly ash, were added to improve the strength performance of
Insulation Properties the concrete. The study concluded that e-waste can be replaced up to 20% in fine
Of E-Waste (FR-4) aggregates.
Concrete With Partial
Replacement Of Fine
Aggregate
Mishra and Utilization of PCB and  studied the effect of e-concrete which comprises 5%-12% of PCB and 15% of
Trivedi Cost-Reduction of GBS as replacement of FA. The results show that the GBS helps to improve the
Concrete strength carrying capacity of concrete and the presence of PCB up to 10% shows
the strength equal to that of conventional concrete and saves up to 10.88% on
material cost.

19
Lit review – CA & FA
Authors Title Inference
Manjunath Partial Replacement of  studied the replacement of EEW in both FA and CA in concrete with a
E-Plastic Waste as replacement range from 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% on M20 grade of Concrete. The
Coarse-Aggregate in results show that the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexure
Concrete strength of concrete is reduced by 52.98% when fine and coarse aggregate is
replaced by 20% of E-waste and the reason for the reduced strength is due to the
waste plastic were hydrophobic materials, which may restrict the hydration of
cement.
Aditya Utilisation Of E - Plastic  used E plastic waste as a replacement of FA and CA in M20 grade concrete at
Gavhane et Waste In Concrete different percentages of 0%, 10%, 20% for CA and 0%, 10% to the FA. The study
al concluded that the e-plastic can replace up to 10% as CA and FA. The results also
show that concrete containing e-plastic shows better resistance to sulphate attack.

20
Lit review – BUILDING BLOCKS
Authors Title Inference
Chandar et Effects Of Electronic
al Waste In Manufacturing  developed the preparation of interlocking solid blocks and cement bricks with
Of Building Masonry various mixes proportion replaced by 10% to 20% of EEW. The study shows that
And Paving optimum replacement of cement by E-waste is up to 20% and while using EEW
Components reduce the cost up to 10% to 20% of ordinary cement.
Shanmugav Sustainable Building
alli et al Blocks Utilizing E-  utilized the EEW and sugarcane bagasse in brick production. The result shows the
Waste And Sugarcane early attainment of compression strength in brick. The e-waste and sugarcane
Bagasse bagasse in the brick provides better result in all the tests. The weight and the cost
of brick are less when compared to that of conventional bricks.

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Lit review – ROAD CONSTRUCTION
Authors Title Inference
Kumar et al Influence Of E-Waste  replaced the bitumen with PCB in the form of powder, electronic chips with
On Properties Of aggregate in bituminous mixture and studied the effect of viscosity, ductility,
Bituminous Mixes softening point and Marshall stability. The study concluded that the 10-
percentage e-chips as aggregate and 12-percentage PCB powder as bitumen give
optimum results in all the tests and provide better stability.

Colbert et al Using M-E PDG To  studied the effect of EEW modified asphalt using Mechanistic-Empirical
Study The Effectiveness Pavement Design. The replacement of 2.5-percentage by EEW to the asphalt
Of Electronic Waste caused in decreasing thickness of the pavement during design.
Materials Modification
On Asphalt Pavements
Design Thickness
Shahane, & E-Waste plastic powder  conducted a rheological and performance study of EEW powder replaced bitumen
Bhosale modified bitumen: mixture. 5-percentage EEW powder increasing the rheological property and the
rheological properties Marshall stability value also increased. But further increasing the EEW content in
and performance study the bituminous mixture affecting both properties.
of bituminous concrete

22
Lit review – ROAD CONSTRUCTION
Authors Title Inference
Deshmukh A Study On The  used e-waste as a partial replacement to the CA and plastic waste as bitumen in
et al Performance Of E- flexible pavement. The results show that the 15-percentage electronical waste in
Waste And Polymer the pavement as CA gives considerable rise to the stability and the density of the
Modified Bituminous modified bitumen get reduced.
Mix In Flexible
Pavement
Rajiv Gupta Application Of  intent to use e-waste and recycled CA with different combination to the
et al Recycled Coarse conventional aggregate in preparing subgrade of the pavement. The study shows
Aggregates And E- that there is a drop in mechanical strength up to 73 percentage, but according to
Waste For Pavements the IRC SP49, the modified concrete satisfying the limits and it is recommended
With Low Traffic to use as subgrade to the pavement.

Vaidevi et Utilization Of E-Waste  examined the flow value, stability and void ratio of the flexible pavement with e-
al In Flexible Pavement waste as partial replacement to the aggregate with varying percentage of 20, 25,
30 and used fly ash as filler material. The test results show that the 25-percentage
replacement of EEW increasing the flow value and stability of the bituminous
mixture.

23
Lit review – ROAD CONSTRUCTION
Authors Title Inference
Ranadive and Performance  investigated the flow value and Marshall stability of flexible pavement contains
Maheshkumar Evaluation of E–Waste EEW and fly ash as per ASTM D 5581. It concluded that the bitumen
Krishna shinde in Flexible Pavement consumption reduced by 5 percentage and the stability of the mixture increased
an Experimental by 11 percentage, while comparing with the control specimen.
Approach
Dombe et al Investigation On The  replaced the bitumen by plastic waste and fillers by e-waste in the bituminous
Use Of E-Waste And mixture. The effect of partial replacement was studied by using Marshall
Waste Plastic In Road stability method. The 5-percentage replacement of EEW and plastic waste in
Construction the bitumen mixture shows higher Marshall stability value and provides
superior performance than the control mixture.

Surya et al Stability Study On  used polystyrene and e-waste as replacement material to the bitumen and CA to
Eco-Friendly Flexible study the stability of modified bitumen mixture by Marshall stability method.
Pavement Using E- From the result, it is noted that the 15-percentage polystyrene and 20-
Waste And Hips percentage of EEW in the modified mixture provides considerable stability and
saves 30 percent of the bitumen without conceding the stability value.

24
Lit review – ROAD CONSTRUCTION
Authors Title Inference
Colbert et al Properties Of Modified  studied the performance of modified asphalt binder by recycled EEW plastics
Asphalt Binders powder. Viscosity and rheology properties were examined during this study. The
Blended With Electronic test result shows that the 5 percent EEW powder in modified mixture reduces the
Waste Powders rutting susceptibility and improves viscosity and high temperature performance.
Hasan et al A Simple Treatment Of  studied the elastic and rutting property of hydroperoxide, treated and untreated
Electronic-Waste EEW plastics in modified asphalt mixture. The study concluded that the untreated
Plastics To Produce EEW plastic was stiffer than the treated mixture and the rutting property
Asphalt Binder increasing with increasing the hydroperoxide treated EEW plastic.
Additives With
Improved Properties

25
Over all outcome of the literature
• This review paper studied 66 journals on the application of EEW as a construction material.
• From the literature review, it is concluded the approximately 79 percentage of studies were
conducted in concrete to dispose the EEW and only 21 percent of other construction materials
were examined (Fig.1).
• In this 79 percent of concrete study, 69 percent studies were investigated the effect of replacing
the EEW by coarse aggregate and 27 percent by fine aggregate and only 2 percent by both coarse
and fine aggregate (Fig.).
• All concrete related literatures were focused on the M20, M25, M30 and M40 grade concrete and
no noticeable work was carried out on the high strength and high-performance concrete on its
effect of using EEW.
• While comparing the 66 journals, 71 percentage of test results providing increasing concrete
property and 29 percent of results are negative and show decreasing the concrete property

26
Over all outcome of the literature
• The researchers concluding that the increased workability, durability and mechanical property was
achieved by using admixtures like fly ash, silica fume, metakaolin, GGBS, GBS, sugarcane bagasse,
steel slag, jute fiber and water reducing chemical agents
• In this nearly 80 percent of studies were conducted in mechanical property, 13 percent of workability,
5 percent of durability and 2 percent of dynamic property (Fig.2).
• From the review, it also observed that the recommended average disposal of EEW as CA in concrete
is 15 percent, FA is 10 percentage, bitumen/asphalt is 5 percentage and by the brick block is 20
percentage.
• From the literature review it shows that the EEW as a construction material provides decreased
mechanical and durability property and suggested using e-concrete in nonstructural members.
• Building blocks are one of the best examples for nonstructural members, but there are very few
studied were conducted in manufacturing the building blocks by replacing the EEW.
• The study shows that optimum replacement of EEW is up to 20% in blocks and while using EEW
reduce self-weight and costs up to 10% of ordinary blocks.

27
Over all outcome of the literature

28
Future Scope
• EEW as coarse aggregate in cement concrete was rigorously studied for mechanical property.
Furthermore, the durability, deflection, dynamic properties, and temperature effects can be investigated.
• Without admixtures, the presence of EEW in concrete reduces the strength. So, using pozzolanic, water
reducing, and other admixtures are recommended to enhance the workability, durability, and
mechanical property of e-concrete.
• Most of the researcher focused on the M20, M25, M30 and M40 grade e-concrete and no noticeable
study was conducted on high strength and high-performance concrete.
• EEW as fine aggregate providing considerably increasing result while comparing to replacement with
CA and very few studies are conducted in the combination of FA and CA. So, it is highly recommended
to study the effect of combine CA and FA replacement by the EEW in concrete from various
perspectives. This may help to dispose more percentage of EEW in concrete.
• In India, manufactured sand is widely used as a fine aggregate for construction activities and very few
studies were observed with the combination of m-sand and EEW. So further research is required to
study the effect of concrete with m-sand and EEW.

29
Future Scope
• Bacterial and self-healing electronic concrete were rarely investigated, and results of the studies
show considerable property rise. So, e-concrete can be further analysed by using different
microorganisms and chemicals.
• From the literature review it shows that the EEW as a construction material provides decreased
mechanical and durability property and suggested using e-concrete in non-structural members.
Building blocks are one of the best examples for non-structural members and the average disposal
of EEW also more while comparing other construction materials. But there are very few studied
were conducted in manufacturing the building blocks by replacing the EEW and it is
recommended to study the performance of e-blocks in detail.

30
Objective – Phase 2
• M30 grade of concrete in paver block.
• Using M-sand.
• Super plasticizers.
• Replacement of E waste in both Fine aggregates and Coarse
aggregates.

31
WORK DONE
Initial Test on Aggregates
Property OPC 53 M-Sand Coarse
Grade Aggregate
Cement
Consistency (%) 33 - -
Initial setting time (min) 34 - -
Final setting time (min) 550 - -
Specific gravity 3.15 2.40 2.91
Water absorption - 2.20 0.48
Fineness modulus - 2.96 6.81
Bulk density (kg/m3) - 1566 1716

32
WORK DONE
TESTING OF SUPER PLASTICIZER
• NORMAL PAVER BLOCK
S.NO DAYS COMPRESSIVE
STRENGTH

1 1 15.21 N/mm2

2 3 28 N/mm2

3 7 31.02 N/mm2

33
WORK TO BE DONE
• Casting of Specimen (Paver Block)
• Testing of Specimen (Paver Block)
• Analytical Studies
• Working results in ANSYS software

34
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41
Thank you

42
Queries

43