LESSON 1:

ELEMENTS
OF COMPUTER
WE ARE ALL AWARE OF WHAT
COMPUTERS ARE AND THEIR IMMENSE
IMPORTANCE IN OUR DAILY LIVES. IT
IS AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE THAT NOT
ONLY STORES DATA BUT ALSO
PROCESSES AND MANIPULATES DATA
TO CARRY OUT FUNCTIONS. UPON
RECEIVING VALID INSTRUCTIONS, A
COMPUTER CAN PERFORM A VARIETY
OF OPERATIONS.
WHAT ALLOWS US TO PERFORM
SUCH TASKS ON THE
COMPUTER IS A COMPUTER
SYSTEM. A COMPUTER SYSTEM
IS THE SUM TOTAL OF ALL THE
COMPONENTS (HARDWARE AND
SOFTWARE) THAT MAKES UP A
FULLY FUNCTIONAL
COMPUTER.
 HARDWARE
These are all the physical aspects of
a computer system. They are
tangible, meaning you can see and
touch them. Hardware components
are the electronic or mechanical
instruments, like keyboard, monitor,
printer, etc. They help the users
interface with the software, and also
display the result of the tasks being
performed.
Hardware can actually be of four
types, depending on which function
they perform.
 THE FOUR TYPES OF HARDWARE
ARE:
• Input Devices: for users • Output Devices: to translate
to input data into the and display the result of the
data processing
computer system.
• Examples: monitor screen,
• Examples: keyboard, printer, etc.
mouse, scanner
 THE FOUR TYPES OF HARDWARE
ARE:
• Process: Where data and • Storage Devices: where data or files
information are processed and are being stored.

manipulate to perform the task at • Examples: Read Only Memory

(RAM), Hard Disk Drive
hand. It is also the workspace of
the computer. • Secondary Storage Device: Where
the computer system stores data
• Examples: Central Processing permanently.
Unit (CPU)
• Example: Hard disk, Flashdrive etc
 SOFTWARE
Software is a set of programs
(computer instructions), which
helps the user interact with
computer system with the help
of the hardware.
Software, as you can imagine,
is intangible aspect of the
computer meaning you cannot
touch them.
 THE SIX TYPES OF SOFTWARE
ARE:
• Operating System Software • Application Software
• These specialized programs allow the • These are designed to perform a
communication between the software specific task or a bunch of tasks.
and hardware. The OS (operating They can be ready-made application
system) runs all the other computer software.
programs and even regulate the
• Examples: MS Office Programs
process of the computer.
(MS Word,
• Examples: Windows 7, Windows 10, PowerPoint,Exce,Publisher), Games
Macintosh etc.
 THE SIX TYPES OF SOFTWARE
ARE:
• Utility Software • Language Processors
• Like operating systems, it is a • Software that interprets
system software. It helps computer language and
maintain and protect the translates it into machine
computer system. For example, language. It also checks for
Anti-Virus software is utility errors in language syntax and
software. fixes the problems.
 THE SIX TYPES OF SOFTWARE
ARE:
• System Software • Connectivity Software
• The special software that
• This type of software facilitates the connection
controls the hardware, the between the computer system
reading of the data and and the server. This allows the
other such internal computer to share the
information and communicate
functions. with each other.
 PEOPLEWARE
The people interacting
with the computer
system are also an
element of it. We call
this element the
Liveware. They are the
ultimate “users” of the
computer systems.
Programmers
Professionals who write the computer programs that allow
users to interact with the computer. They must have
technical knowledge of computers and computer languages.
System Analyst
They mainly design data processing systems, and solve
problems that arise in data processing.
End- Users
Also known as operators, they are the people who interact
with the computer system.
ACTIVITY 1:
IDENTIFICATION: GIVE
WHAT IS BEING ASKED.
_____________1. What do you call the physical aspects
of a computer system?
_____________2. What do you call the intangible
aspect of the computer meaning you cannot touch them?
_____________3-6. What are the four types of
hardware?
_____________7. What type of software runs all the
other computer programs and even regulate the process
of the computer?
_____________8. What elements of computer that
refers to the ultimate “users” of the computer systems?
_____________9. What type of software controls the
hardware and other internal functions?
_____________10. What type of software designed to
perform a specific task or a bunch of tasks?
_____________11-13. Give three example of Input Devices
under Hardware element.
_____________14-15. Give two example of application
software.
_____________16-17. Give two example of system
software.
_____________18-20. Who are these three types of people
that manipulates the computer system?
SUMMATIVE
ASSESSMENT 1:
TOPIC 1: ELEMENTS OF
COMPUTER
Instruction: Arrange
the rambled word after
that encircle the word
in the box. (20 points)
1. ERAWDRAH 3. ERAWTFOS 5. SEMAG
7. DRAOBYEK
2. MARGORP 4. ERAWELPOEP 6. LECXE 8. ESUOM
9. SRESUDNE 10. DROW
H A R D W A R E W R

P R O G R A M M E R

G A M E S H J K L R

P E O P L E W A R E

A R U W B W B D B X

W B S B W B R W W C

R K E Y B O A R D E

S O F T W A R E W L

E N D U S E R S B W
UNDERSTANDING INPUT,
PROCESS AND OUTPUT
LESSON 2
 PROCESSO
R

OUTPUT
INPUT

STORAGE
INPUT
Any information or data sent to a computer for
processing is considered input. Computer needs
input data and commands from the user to work.
Input data and commands are commonly entered
into the computer using the keyboard and the
mouse. When you type letters and numbers using
the keyboard that is a kind of input. When you click
the mouse, it is an input.
INPUT DEVICES
Input Devices composed of a device
that accepts data (INPUT) and
instructions from the user or from
another computer system. When you
enter words into the computer, you are
using an input device which is the
keyboard and the mouse.
 TWO TYPES OF INPUT DEVICES

Keyboard Entry
Data is inputted to the computer through a
keyboard
The first input device developed for the PC

Direct Entry
A form of input device that does not require
data to be keyed by someone sitting at a
keyboard .
 THREE CATEGORIES OF DIRECT
ENTRY
I. Pointing Device
An input device used to move the pointer
(cursor) on screen
Examples of a pointing device are the
following:
1.Mouse
The most common pointing device
used in PCs (personal computers). Every
mouse has two buttons and most have
2. Touch Screen
A display screen that is sensitive to
the touch of a finger or stylus
The screen is sensitive to pressure; a
user interacts with the computer by
touching pictures or words on the
screen.
I.Scanning Devices
A device that can read text or
illustrations printed on paper
and translates the information
into a form the computer can
use
Examples are the image
scanner and the barcode
reader
I.Voice Input Devices
It is also known as speech or
voice recognition systems that
allows a user to send audio
signals to a computer for
processing, recording, or
carrying out commands.
Example is the microphone
used to input a voice.
PROCESS
The computer works on the data and
command input. This step is called
Process. The CPU (central processing
unit) is where the process takes place.
The CPU is called as the “brain of the
computer”. The CPU does its processing
very fast. Process is defined as the work
done by the computer to input data and
commands. The ALU (arithmetic logic
unit) and the Control Unit of the CPU
process the input data using the program
used.
 STORAGE DEVICE
What is a storage device?
There are many types of
storage devices, each with their
own benefits and drawbacks.
Below are explanations about
different storage devices.
 Hard Disks Drive (HDD)
 Flash Memory
 Solid State Drive (SSD)
What is a solid state
drive?
Solid state drives are non-volatile
storage devices capable of holding large
amounts of data.
They use NAND flash memories (millions
of transistors wired in a series on a
circuit board), giving them the
advantage of having no mechanical
moving parts and therefore immediate
access to the data.
What is RAM?
RAM is a computer’s primary memory. It is
a very fast solid state storage medium that
is directly accessible by the CPU.
Any open programs or files on a computer
are temporarily stored in RAM whilst being
used.
Being volatile, any data stored in RAM will
be lost when power is removed. This
makes RAM totally unsuitable for the long
term permanent storage of data – that is
the role of a HDD or SSD instead.
OUTPUT
Output may refer to any information that is
processed by and sent out from a computer or
other electronic device is considered output.
The processed data is now called information.
This information will be transmitted through
an output device. Output devices include the
monitor, printed and speaker.
An example of output is anything viewed on
your computer monitor screen, such as the
words you type on the keyboard.
OUTPUT DEVICES
Output devices are any piece of computer
hardware that displays results after the
computer has processed the input data that
has been entered.
An output device is any peripheral that
receives data from a computer, usually for
display, projection, or physical reproduction.
Monitors and printers are two of the most
commonly used output devices used with a
computer.
 TYPES OF AN OUTPUT DEVICE
Computer Display Monitor
It displays information in visual form, using text
and graphics.
Alternatively referred to as a VDT (video display
terminal) and VDU (video display unit), a monitor
is an output device that displays video, images
and text.
The first computer monitor was part of the Xerox
Alto computer system, which was released on
March 1, 1973.
KINDS OF A MONITOR
1. a. CRT (CATHODE RAY TUBE)
MONITORS
A cathode-ray tube monitor is a display
device used in television set and
computer monitor.CRT requires more
electric power for its working and it
has low range of resolution when
compared to LCDs.
CRT is weighted, bulky and large in size.
It is less costly than LCDs. The response
of CRT is slower than LCD.
2. b. LCD (LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY)
MONITORS
A liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor is
a computer monitor or display that
uses LCD technology to show clear
images and is found in many laptop
computers and flat panel monitors.
LCD is light, compact and thin in size.
The resolution of LCD is higher than
that of CRT. Response of LCD is faster
when compared to CRT monitors. LCDs
are more expensive as well.
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) Projector
An LCD projector is a type of projector
based on liquid crystal display which can
display images, data or video on a screen or
other flat surface. It is a modern equivalent
of the slide projector or overhead projector.
LCD projectors are more popular than many
alternatives due to the fact that they are
cheaper to produce and have excellent
color reproduction. They are commonly
used in business meetings, presentations
and seminars.
2. Speaker
A computer speaker is an output
hardware device that connects to
a computer to generate sound.
The signal used to produce the
sound that comes from a
computer speaker is created by
the computer’s sound card.
3. Printer
A printer is an output device that prints
paper documents. This includes text
documents, images, or a combination of
both. The two most common types of
printers are inkjet and laser printers. Inkjet
printers are better at printing photos and
color documents. It uses an ink to print
these documents. Laser printer uses a
laser to print documents. It produces high
quality text and graphics.
Activity 2: Identification: Give what is being asked.
_______1. What is the brain of the computer?
_______2. What is the used of Printer?
_______3. What is the used of speaker?
_______4-6. What are the three kinds of Monitor?
_______7. What device displays video, images and text through
the monitor/screen?
______8. What device is used to enter information through
keyboard?
______9. What type of storage devices that temporarily stores
data?
______10. What type of computer monitor that show clear
images and is found in many laptop computers and flat panel
monitors?