Auto Protection of Power Sharing Transformers For Different Loads

By
Student 1
Student 2
Introduction
Due to overload on transformer, the efficiency drops
and windings get overheated and may get burnt. Thus
by sharing load on transformer, the transformer is
protected. This will be done by connecting another
transformer in parallel through a micro-controller.
The main aim of this project is transformers
sharing whenever the load increased for certain value.
The transformer load sharing will be done by micro
controller with the help of electro-magnetic relay. And
the load will be monitored on LCD with help of current
transformers. The alerts will be given using buzzer.
Objectives
Automated Load Sharing by transformers.
Alerts Overload detection in the form of BUZZER.
Monitoring load status on LCD.
Software’s used:
PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.

PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro
controller.
Express SCH for Circuit design.
Regulated Power Supply
Transformer 1 Load LCD

Driver
Current
LCD
Relay Transformer MICRO display
CONTROLLER
Transformer 2 Crystal
Potential
Oscillator
Driver
Relay
Reset
Driver
Buzzer with
Driver
LED Indicator
MAJOR BLOCKS
Regulated power supply.
PIC Micro controller.
Voltage Transformers.
Current transformer.
Buzzer with driver.
LCD Display.
Electromagnetic Relay.
Reset.
Crystal oscillator.
LED indicators.
 Every embedded system requires dc voltage and that that
will be 5v supply
 We are getting 230v, 50 Hz in our house hold applications.
We can be used to operate the home appliances like T.V,

cooler, fan, light’s
 Digital electronic devices need digital supply and we can
get supply from regulated power supply block
Step down
Bridge Capacitive Regulator +5V DC
230 v AC transformer
rectifier filter (7805)
(12-0-12 )
 A microcontroller can be considered a self-contained system
with a processor, memory and peripherals and can be used as
an embedded system.
 The 16f72 micro controller is powerful (200 nanosecond

instruction execution) yet easy-to-program (only 35 single
word instructions) CMOS FLASH-based 8-bit
microcontroller.
 The PIC 16F72 is a 28 pin IC in the physical structure with 3

ports like port A (6 pins), port B (8 pins), port C (8 pins)
excluding the supply pins(4 pins).
 A current transformer (CT) is used for measurement of
electric currents. Current transformers, together with voltage
transformers (VT) (potential transformers (PT)), are known as
instrument transformers. When current in a circuit is too high to
directly apply to measuring instruments, a current transformer
produces a reduced current accurately proportional to the current
in the circuit, which can be conveniently connected to measuring
and recording instruments.
 A current transformer also isolates the measuring

instruments from what may be very high voltage in the monitored
circuit. Current transformers are commonly used in metering and
protective relays in the electrical power industry.
Voltage transformers
Voltage transformers (VT), also called potential
transformers (PT), are a parallel-connected type of
instrument transformer.
DISPLAY
 A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a thin, flat electronic
visual display that uses the light modulating properties of liquid
crystals.
 Liquid crystal display is very important device in embedded

system. It offers high flexibility to user as he can display the
required data on it.
 These are used in a wide range of applications, including

computer monitors, television, instrument panels, aircraft,
cockpit displays, signage, etc
Pin No. PINName
DESCRIPTION
Description
Pin no. 1 VSS Power supply (GND)
Pin no. 2 VCC Power supply (+5V)
Pin no. 3 VEE Contrast adjust
0 = Instruction input
Pin no. 4 RS
1 = Data input
0 = Write to LCD module
Pin no. 5 R/W
1 = Read from LCD module
Pin no. 6 EN Enable signal
Pin no. 7 D0 Data bus line 0 (LSB)
Pin no. 8 D1 Data bus line 1
Pin no. 14 D7 Data bus line 7 (MSB)
RELAY
► Relay is an electromagnetic switch. . It consists of a

coil of wire surrounding a soft iron core, an iron yoke, which
provides a low reluctance path for magnetic flux, a movable
iron armature, and a set, or sets, of contacts; two in the relay
pictured. The armature is hinged to the yoke and
mechanically linked to a moving contact or contacts.
► When an electric current is passed through the coil,

the resulting magnetic field attracts the armature and the
consequent movement of the movable contact or contacts
either makes or breaks a connection with a fixed contact.
• An electronic oscillator is an electronic circuit that
produces a repetitive Electronic signal, often a sine
wave or a square wave.
• PIC micro controller internally having 4mhz clock

frequency.
• We are giving the 20Mhz clock frequency as an

external source for increasing the system performance
RESET BUTTON
 Reset is used for putting the microcontroller into a

'known' condition. That practically means that
microcontroller can behave rather inaccurately
under certain undesirable conditions. In order to
continue its proper functioning it has to be reset.
 A switch placed between the digital input and
ground will short the digital input to ground when it
is pressed. This means the voltage seen at the input
will be high when the switch is open and low when
the switch is closed.
LED INDICATORS
 LED’s are used as indicator lamps in
many devices, and are increasingly used
for lighting. Introduced as a practical electronic component
 LED’s emitted low-intensity red light, but modern
versions are available across the visible, ultraviolet and
infrared wavelengths, with very high brightness.
 Led indicators have a life of at least ten years and

consume 90 per cent less power than conventional indicators.
 Depending on the type of the materials (Ga,As,p) led will

gives the output in different colors (red, Yellow, green etc..)
Advantages of this project:
we can handle 2 transformers.
Low power consumption.
Applications:
This system can be used in safety implementations at
industrial load applications.
This system can be employed at homes for
controlling the devices.
Future Scope:
We can add IOT wireless technology to this project to
monitor the voltage and current values along with date
and time into the thingspeak cloud.

Auto Protection of Power Sharing Transformers For Different Loads

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PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.

Transformer 1 Load LCD

We can be used to operate the home appliances like T.V,

 The 16f72 micro controller is powerful (200 nanosecond

 The PIC 16F72 is a 28 pin IC in the physical structure with 3

 A current transformer also isolates the measuring

 Liquid crystal display is very important device in embedded

 These are used in a wide range of applications, including

► Relay is an electromagnetic switch. . It consists of a

► When an electric current is passed through the coil,

• PIC micro controller internally having 4mhz clock

• We are giving the 20Mhz clock frequency as an

 Reset is used for putting the microcontroller into a

 Led indicators have a life of at least ten years and

 Depending on the type of the materials (Ga,As,p) led will

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