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    GASEUOUS EXCHANGE Past Year

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    ANG BENG KANG Moe
    The correct sequence of events is: I. High levels of PCO2 are detected by peripheral chemoreceptors in carotid and aortic bodies. II. Impulses are sent to the respiratory center in the medulla oblongata of the brainstem. III. The respiratory center increases breathing rate and depth, causing more CO2 to diffuse from blood to alveoli and more O2 to diffuse from alveoli to blood. IV. As breathing increases, PCO2 levels in blood decrease, lowering H+ levels in cerebrospinal fluid. This is detected by central chemoreceptors in the medulla. So statement I is incorrect, as it puts the effect before

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    GASEUOUS EXCHANGE Past Year

    Uploaded by

    ANG BENG KANG Moe
    29 views141 pages
    The correct sequence of events is: I. High levels of PCO2 are detected by peripheral chemoreceptors in carotid and aortic bodies. II. Impulses are sent to the respiratory center in the medulla oblongata of the brainstem. III. The respiratory center increases breathing rate and depth, causing more CO2 to diffuse from blood to alveoli and more O2 to diffuse from alveoli to blood. IV. As breathing increases, PCO2 levels in blood decrease, lowering H+ levels in cerebrospinal fluid. This is detected by central chemoreceptors in the medulla. So statement I is incorrect, as it puts the effect before

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    GASEUOUS EXCHANGE past year

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    The correct sequence of events is: I. High levels of PCO2 are detected by peripheral chemoreceptors in carotid and aortic bodies. II. Impulses are sent to the respiratory center in the medulla oblongata of the brainstem. III. The respiratory center increases breathing rate and depth, causing more CO2 to diffuse from blood to alveoli and more O2 to diffuse from alveoli to blood. IV. As breathing increases, PCO2 levels in blood decrease, lowering H+ levels in cerebrospinal fluid. This is detected by central chemoreceptors in the medulla. So statement I is incorrect, as it puts the effect before

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    29 views141 pages

    GASEUOUS EXCHANGE Past Year

    Uploaded by

    ANG BENG KANG Moe
    The correct sequence of events is: I. High levels of PCO2 are detected by peripheral chemoreceptors in carotid and aortic bodies. II. Impulses are sent to the respiratory center in the medulla oblongata of the brainstem. III. The respiratory center increases breathing rate and depth, causing more CO2 to diffuse from blood to alveoli and more O2 to diffuse from alveoli to blood. IV. As breathing increases, PCO2 levels in blood decrease, lowering H+ levels in cerebrospinal fluid. This is detected by central chemoreceptors in the medulla. So statement I is incorrect, as it puts the effect before

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 141

    GASEUOUS EXCHANGE

    2013
    C
    C
    2014
    B
    D
    2015
    C
    2015 Ulang
    D
    D
    2016
    C
    D
    2016 Ulang
    D
    D
    2017
    C
    C
    2017 Ulang
    B
    A
    2018
    C
    A
    2018 Ulang
    A
    B
    2019
    D
    D
    2019 Ulang
    D
    C
    2022
    B
    C
    exercise
    OBJECTIVE
    Which of the following is the chloride shift in red
    blood cells?

    1.Movement of chloride ions into the cell to


    maintain electrical neutrality.

    2. Movement of chloride ions into the cell to


    balance the release of hydrogen carbonate ions.

    1 and 2
    2. The following graph shows the oxygen dissociation curve for haemoglobin.

    In which part of the mammalian body will haemoglobin experience the percentage of
    oxygen saturation as at the points I, II and III?
    Vena cava Left ventricle Pulmonary vein
    A I II III
    B I III II
    C II I III
    D III I II

    A
    A
    3. Which the following statement is not true about
    haemoglobin?
    A. Haemoglobin can act as a pH buffer.
    B. Haemoglobin consists of four polypeptide chain.
    C. Oxygen competes with carbon dioxide to bind to
    haemoglobin.
    D. Haemoglobin has lower affinity to oxygen as
    compare to myglobin.

    RBC HAS 260 million of haemoglobin


    C
    4. Some babies are born with a hole between the
    right and left atria. These newly born babies are
    found to have more number of red blood cells than
    normal babies. Suggest a reason for this increase.

    A. More blood is needed because it is pumped faster.


    B. There is less oxygen available to the newly born
    baby.
    C. Newly born babies’ haemoglobin has a higher
    affinity for oxygen.
    D. Newly born babies’ haemoglobin molecules only
    have one haem group
    B
    WHY The fetal haemoglobin has a higher affinity
    for oxygen than adult haemoglobin.

    enables the maternal haemoglobin to dissociate


    and the oxygen diffuses from the maternal
    blood across the placenta to the fetal blood.
    5. The scheme illustrates the
    biochemical reactions for the
    transport of oxygen and the
    release of carbon dioxide in
    lungs. What are the substances
    represented by P, Q, R, S, T
    and U?

    P Q R S T U
    A. Hb HHb Hb(O2)4 CO2 H2CO3 HCO3-
    B. HHb Hb Hb(O2)4 CO2 H2CO3 HCO3-
    C. HHb Hb Hb(O2)4 HCO3- H2CO3 Cl-
    D. HHb Hb Hb(O2)4 CO2 H2CO3 H2O
    C
    . What happens during stomatal opening?

    1Potassium ions from the subsidiary cells are pumped into the
    guard cells

    2Sodium ions from subsidiary cells are pumped into the guard
    cells

    3Hydrogen ions from the subsidiary cells are pumped into the
    guard cells

    4The concentration of abscisic acid increases


    1
    7. The Bohr’s effect is very important to actively respiring cells
    because

    A high carbon dioxide concentration causes faster release of


    oxygen

    B large quantity of ATP is required to facilitate the diffusion of


    gases

    C high rate of glucose oxidation stimulates the secretion of


    insulin

    D low oxygen concentration stimulates the increase in the


    rate of breathing
    A
    8. Which graph shows the percentage of oxygen saturation of
    haemoglobin in blood from the muscle of a person playing
    badminton?
    C
    9. What causes the guard cells to open and
    close?
    Guard cells open Guard cells close
    A Solute pressure is low in Solute pressure is high in
    guard cells guard cells
    B Solute pressure is high Solute pressure is low in
    in guard cells guard cells
    C High level of abscisic Low level of abscisic acid
    acid in the leaves in the leaves

    D Enflux of potassium Influx of potassium ions


    ions from the guard into the guard cells
    B
    10. The acidity due to the accumulation of H+ in
    red blood cells is buffered by

    A haemoglobin

    B plasma proteins

    C carbon dioxide

    D oxygen.
    A
    11. The flow chart below shows a series of mechanisms
    involved in breathing. Determine the structures X, Y and Z
    X Y Z
    A Baroreceptor Intercostal muscle Diaphragm

    B Strecth receptor Diaphragm Intercostal muscle

    C Diaphragm Chemoreceptor Intercostal muscle

    D Chemoreceptor Intercostal muscle Diaphragm


    D
    12. The graph below shows the changes in air volume in the
    lungs of a man.

    His vital capacity is shown by

    A K+N

    B L+M

    C M

    D N
    D
    13.Which statement is not true about opening of
    stomata in C3 plants?

    A It is promoted by blue light and red light

    B ATP generated during photophosphorylation is


    involved

    C Potassium ions diffuse out of the guard cells to the


    subsidiary cells

    D The water potential in the guard cells becomes


    more negative than the subsidiary cells
    C
    14.What happens when the CO2 level from cellular respiration
    increases in the blood?

    A The O2 level automatically increases.

    B The pH of the cerebrospinal fluid also increases and is


    detected by O2 sensors in arteries near the heart

    C A decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid triggers


    the brain’s breathing control centers, which stimulate
    diaphragm and rib muscle contractions.

    D Cellular respiration decreases


    C
    Which statement is true regarding the gas partial pressures for
    gas exchange?
    1.The PCO2 of the tissue must be less than 45 mm Hg.
    2.The PO2 of the tissue must be less than 42 mm Hg.
    3.The PO2 of the alveolar air must be less than 105 mm Hg.
    4.The PCO2 of the alveolar air must be less than 28 mm Hg.
    4
    16.Which process in the cyctoplams of red blood cells
    is catalysed by enzyme?

    A. Dissociation of oxyhaemoglobin to release oxygen.

    B. Dissociation of carbonic acid into hydrogen


    carbonate ion and hydrogen ion.

    C. Reaction between water and carbon dixode to form


    carbonic acid in red blood cell.

    D. Reaction between carbon dioxide and haemoglobin


    to form carbaminohaemoglobin.
    C
    But B is accepted in pn sang exercise in exercise
    books
    17. Which of the followings are the adaptions of people who
    live in highland area like the Himalayas?

    I. More red blood cell count.

    II. Less red blood cell count.

    III. Higher affinity of haemoglobin towards oxygen.

    IV. Lower affinity of haemoglobin towards oxygen.

    A. I and III
    B. I and IV
    C. II and III
    D. II and IV
    C
    C
    C
    B
    14. Which process in the cytoplasm of erythrocytes is
    catalysed by an enzyme?

    A. Reaction between water and carbon dioxide

    B. Reaction between carbon dioxide and


    haemoglobin

    C. Dissociation of carbonic acid

    D. Dissociation of oxyhaemoglobin
    A
    9. Which reaction takes place in a capillary in the
    lungs?

    A. the formation of carbaminohaemoglobin

    B. the formation of carbonic acid

    C. the formation of carbon dioxide and water

    D. the formation of haemoglobinic acid


    C
    1. Surfactant is a mixture of lipoprotein molecules
    released by special cells in the alveoli called

    A. Type I pneumocytes

    B. Type II pneumocytes

    C. Macrophage

    D. Basal membrane
    B
    1. Which of the following are the roles of carbonic
    anhydrase in the process of gaseous exchange in
    human?
    I Increases the release of CO2 gas to the lungs.
    II Increases the capillary wall’s absorbability of
    oxygen gas.
    III Increases the concentration of H+ in the red
    blood cell at tissue level.
    IV Increases the concentration of HCO3- in the red
    blood cell at tissue level.

    A.I and II C. I , III and IV


    B. I and IV D. II, III and IV
    C
    The diagram shows a tracing from a spirometer.

    What is P?
    1.Tidal volume at resting stage.
    2.Tidal volume increasing as during exercise.
    3.Inspiratory reserve volume.
    4.Vital capacity.
    2
    1 Factors that affect the oxygen-haemoglobin binding
    are
    I. changes in plasma pH
    II. concentration of carbonic anhydrase
    III. partial pressure of carbon dioxide
    IV. temperature

    A I and III
    B II and IV
    C I, III and IV
    D II, III and IV
    C
    2 Diagram below shows double Bohr Effect.

    P Q R S
    umbilical umbilical uterine
    A uterine vein
    vein artery artery
    umbilical umbilical uterine
    B uterine vein
    artery vein artery
    uterine umbilical umbilical
    C uterine vein
    artery vein artery
    uterine umbilical umbilical
    D uterine vein
    artery artery vein
    A

    WHY NOT BOTH


    ARTERY CUZ umbilical
    vein carry oxy blood
    Which of the following is correct about the
    curves P,
    Q, and R?
    P Q R
    A. Elephant Human Llama
    B. Llama Elephant Human
    C. Human Elephant Llama
    D. Llama Human Elephant
    Metabolism rate for small enemy
    higher so enemy requires more O2
    for respiration ,affinity for o2 must
    be lower so dissociate faster. the
    smaller animals have a greater
    surface area to volume ratio, so more
    heat is lost.
    B
    1. Which the following statement is not true
    about haemoglobin?
    A. Haemoglobin can act as a pH buffer.

    B. Haemoglobin consists of four polypeptide


    chain.

    C. Oxygen competes with carbon dioxide to bind


    to haemoglobin.

    D. Haemoglobin has lower affinity to oxygen as


    compare to mygobin.
    C
    2. The following are events that occur when high Pco2
    detected by peripheral
    chemoreceptors.
    I High levels of H+ in cerebrospinal fluid are detected by
    central chemoreceptors.
    II Increase in breathing rate and more CO2 diffusion from
    blood to alveoli.
    III Impulses are then sent to the respiratory centre.
    IV Nerve impulses is generated and transmitted to motor
    nerves.
    Which of the following is correct order for the above events?
    A I → II → IV → III
    B I → III → IV → II
    C III → I → II → IV
    D IV → I → III → I
    B
    C
    D
    A
    14. Which of the following diseases that
    infected the small intestine?
    A. Dengue
    B. Cholera
    C. Malaria
    D. Tuberculosis
    B
    15. Which factor is most contribute in
    increasing the number of cases of tuberculosis
    (TB)?
    A. Overcrowded accommodation
    B. Increased drug abuse
    C. Increased air pollution
    D. Increased pathogen mutation rat
    A
    1. During the breathing movements of a mammal,
    which of the following causes a change from
    inspiration to expiration?

    A. The arrival of deoxygenated blood in the lungs.


    B. The stimulation of the stretch receptors of the
    inflated alveoli.
    C. A low partial pressure of CO2 registered by the
    chemoreceptors of the carotid bodies.
    D. A high pH of the arterial blood
    B

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