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    Physical Properties of Soil PDF

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    Ashish Mittal
    This document discusses the physical properties of soil, including: - Soil composition consists of solids, water, and air in different phases such as dry, saturated, or submerged. - Analytical representation of soil uses symbols to represent volumes and weights of solids, voids, pore water, and pore air. Relationships connect volume, weight, specific gravity, void ratio, porosity, degree of saturation, and bulk density. - Granular soils have typical ranges of void ratio from 0.35 to 0.91 and porosity from 26% to 47.6% depending on packing density. Well-graded soils achieve denser packing than uniform soils. - Other relationships

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    Physical Properties of Soil PDF

    Uploaded by

    Ashish Mittal
    18 views16 pages
    This document discusses the physical properties of soil, including: - Soil composition consists of solids, water, and air in different phases such as dry, saturated, or submerged. - Analytical representation of soil uses symbols to represent volumes and weights of solids, voids, pore water, and pore air. Relationships connect volume, weight, specific gravity, void ratio, porosity, degree of saturation, and bulk density. - Granular soils have typical ranges of void ratio from 0.35 to 0.91 and porosity from 26% to 47.6% depending on packing density. Well-graded soils achieve denser packing than uniform soils. - Other relationships

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    Physical Properties of Soil-PDF

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    This document discusses the physical properties of soil, including: - Soil composition consists of solids, water, and air in different phases such as dry, saturated, or submerged. - Analytical representation of soil uses symbols to represent volumes and weights of solids, voids, pore water, and pore air. Relationships connect volume, weight, specific gravity, void ratio, porosity, degree of saturation, and bulk density. - Granular soils have typical ranges of void ratio from 0.35 to 0.91 and porosity from 26% to 47.6% depending on packing density. Well-graded soils achieve denser packing than uniform soils. - Other relationships

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    18 views16 pages

    Physical Properties of Soil PDF

    Uploaded by

    Ashish Mittal
    This document discusses the physical properties of soil, including: - Soil composition consists of solids, water, and air in different phases such as dry, saturated, or submerged. - Analytical representation of soil uses symbols to represent volumes and weights of solids, voids, pore water, and pore air. Relationships connect volume, weight, specific gravity, void ratio, porosity, degree of saturation, and bulk density. - Granular soils have typical ranges of void ratio from 0.35 to 0.91 and porosity from 26% to 47.6% depending on packing density. Well-graded soils achieve denser packing than uniform soils. - Other relationships

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    Physical Properties of Soil

    Soil Composition
     1- Soil Composition
     - Solids
     - Water
     - Air

    2- Soil Phases
     - Dry
     - Saturated
     * Fully Saturated
     * Partially Saturated
     - Submerged
    Analytical Representation of Soil

    Proportions by volume Proportions by weight

    Va Air Zero weight

    Vv Wv
    Vw Water Ww
    W
    V

    Vs Solids Ws
    Symbols used for Analytical
    Representation of Soil
    total volume of soil element =V
    total weight of soil element =W
    volume of solids = Vs
    Weight of solids = Ws
    volume of voids = Vv
    Weight of voids = Wv
    volume of pore water = Vw
    Weight of pore water = Ww
    volume of pore air = Va
    Weight of pore air is assumed zero
    It follows that
    V = V s + Vv = V s + Vw + Va
    Weight - Volume Relationships
     Particle specific Gravity-


     where w = unit weight of water = 9.8 kN/m3.


     The value of Gs depends upon mineralogical composition of the
    constituent soil particles.



    Mass Specific gravity is the specific gravity of soil mass
    Weight - Volume Relationships

    The proportion of void space in the soil element is expressed in


    terms of either void ratio, denoted by ‘e’ or alternatively the
    porosity, denoted by ‘n’. these are defined with reference to Fig. (1).
    Range of e and n values for Granular Soils

    • The values of e and n commonly found in granular soils are limited by the
    state of packing of the grains in the soil skeleton.

    •The loosest state packing (corresponding to maximum void ratio) gives


    maximum e = 0.91 maximum n = 47.6%

    •The densest state packing (corresponding to minimum void ratio) gives


    minimum e = 0.35 and minimum n = 26%

    •In practice, it is found that the limiting values for granular soils lie close to
    typical ranges

    Well graded sands e = 0.43-0.67, n = 30-40%


    Uniform sized sands e = 0.51-0.85, n = 34-46%

    •Well graded soils can achieve a denser packing and hence lower void ratio
    than uniform soils, as a result of the finer particles occupying the voids
    between coarser particles.
    Relative density Dr or Density index, ID
    Water content, Degree of Saturation and Air Voids content
    Expression between W, Sr, e and Gs

    Similarly, relation between Ar, Sr and n


    Bulk Density (Unit Weight)
    Bulk Density (Unit Weight)
    Thus,
    Submerged unit weight or Buoyant unit weight
    Some More Relationships
    Some More Relationships

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