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Rectifiers, Filters and Regulato

1. A full-wave rectified voltage passes both half-cycles of the input waveform, while a half-wave rectified voltage only passes one half-cycle. 2. A full-wave rectifier can use either a center-tapped transformer or a bridge circuit of four diodes, while a bridge rectifier specifically refers to the four-diode configuration. 3. A bridge rectifier will produce a greater output voltage than a center-tapped full-wave rectifier for the same input voltage and transformer turns ratio, since it makes more efficient use of the full input waveform.

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43 views12 pages

Rectifiers, Filters and Regulato

1. A full-wave rectified voltage passes both half-cycles of the input waveform, while a half-wave rectified voltage only passes one half-cycle. 2. A full-wave rectifier can use either a center-tapped transformer or a bridge circuit of four diodes, while a bridge rectifier specifically refers to the four-diode configuration. 3. A bridge rectifier will produce a greater output voltage than a center-tapped full-wave rectifier for the same input voltage and transformer turns ratio, since it makes more efficient use of the full input waveform.

Uploaded by

no.1slytherinprincess
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Rectifiers, Filters and

Regulator

Akintunde OA
Rectification
• Rectification is a process of converting
the alternating quantity (voltage or
current) into a corresponding direct
quantity(voltage or current).

• The input to a rectifier is AC whereas its


output is unidirectional or DC.

• Every electronic circuit such as amplifiers, needs a


DC power source for its operation.
Need of Rectification • This DC voltage has to be obtained from AC supply.
• For this the AC supply has to be reduced () Stepped
down first using a Step-down transformer and then
converted to dc by using rectifier.
Rectifiers
• Rectifier is an electronic device which is used for converting an alternating quantity
(Voltage or current) into unidirectional i.e., DC quantity (Voltage or current).
• Block diagram of Rectifier:
Types of Rectifier
Half Wave Rectifier
A half-wave rectifier converts an AC signal to DC
by passing either the negative or positive half-
cycle of the waveform and blocking the other.

Half-wave rectifiers can be easily constructed


using only one diode but are less efficient than
full-wave rectifiers.

Since diodes only carry current in one direction, they


can serve as a simple half-wave rectifier.

Only passing half of an AC current causes


irregularities, so a capacitor is usually used to smooth
out the rectified signal before it can be usable.
Half Wave Rectifier
Alternating current (AC) periodically A half-wave rectifier creates a purely positive
changes direction, and a rectifier converts signal by blocking the negative half-cycle, while
this signal to a direct current (DC), which a full-wave rectifier does this by changing the
only flows in one direction. direction of the negative half-cycle.

A half-wave rectifier does this by


removing half of the signal. A full-wave What is the efficiency of a half-wave rectifier?
rectifier converts the full input waveform
to one of constant polarity by reversing the Since only half of the input waveform is passed,
direction of current flow in one half-cycle. the efficiency of a half-wave rectifier is lower
than that of a full-wave rectifier.
One example configuration for full-wave
rectification is the full bridge rectifier, The maximum efficiency of a half-wave rectifier
which uses four diodes to create a is about 40.5%, and the maximum efficiency of a
pulsating DC output. full-wave rectifier is twice that
Filtered Full Wave Rectifier
(Center Tapped Transformer)

The full wave rectifier converts both halves


of each waveform cycle into pulsating DC
signal using four rectification diodes.

In a Full Wave Rectifier circuit two diodes


are now used, one for each half of the
cycle.
This configuration results in each diode
A multiple winding transformer is used conducting in turn when its anode terminal is
whose secondary winding is split equally positive with respect to the transformer centre
into two halves with a common centre point C producing an output during both half-
tapped connection, (C). cycles, twice that for the half wave rectifier so it
is 100% efficient
Filtered Full Wave Rectifier
(Center Tapped Transformer)

The main disadvantage of this type of full wave


rectifier circuit is that a larger transformer for a
given power output is required with two separate
but identical secondary windings making this type
of full wave rectifying circuit costly compared to
the “Full Wave Bridge Rectifier” circuit
equivalent.
Full Wave Rectifier (Bridge)
A rectifier converts an AC signal into DC, A half-wave rectifier can be constructed
and a bridge rectifier does this using a diode from a single diode but is less efficient
bridge. than a full-wave rectifier.

A diode bridge is a system of four or more A center-tapped rectifier provides full-


diodes in a bridge circuit configuration, wave rectification, but with the added cost
wherein two circuit branches are branched by and size of a center-tapped transformer.
a third.

A bridge rectifier provides full-wave


rectification.

The bridge circuit configuration with four


diodes allows for cost-effective full-wave
rectification by utilizing two diodes during each
half cycle.
Bridge Full-Wave Rectifier Operation
The bridge rectifier uses four diodes
connected as shown.

When the input cycle is positive as in part


(a), diodes D1 and D2 are forward-biased
and conduct current in the direction shown.

A voltage is developed across Rl that looks


like the positive half of the input cycle.
During this time, diodes D3 and D4 are
reverse-biased.

When the input cycle is negative as in Figure During the negative half-cycle, D1 and D2 are
(b), diodes D3 and D4 are forward-biased reverse-biased. A full-wave rectified output
and conduct current in the same direction voltage appears across Rl as a result of this
through Rl as during the positive half-cycle. action. For ideal diode, the output voltage is:
Review Questions:

1. How does a full-wave voltage differ from a half-wave voltage?

2. What is the difference between a full wave rectifier and a bridge rectifier?

3. Which type of full-wave rectifier has the greater output voltage for the same
input voltage and transformer turns ratio?

A bridge rectifier is a type of full wave rectifier. A full wave rectifier


converts the input waveform to one of constant polarity, as opposed to a
half-wave rectifier which only passes one half cycle while blocking the
other. Another common method of full wave rectification uses two diodes
and a center-tapped transformer.

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