C PROGRAMMING

• C was developed by Denis Ritche..

• C is structured Programming language..

• C Supports Dynamic Memory Allocation Functions..

• You can also use the C/C++ programming language to create the Google Chrome web
browser and the Google File
 Data types

 Data Types in C Programming  Derived Data Types:

 In C programming, data types are used to define the  Array: Used to store a collection of homogeneous
type of data that a variable can hold. There are four data elements. Example: int numbers[5] = {1, 2, 3,
categories of data types in C programming: 4, 5};
 Basic Data Types:  Pointer: Used to store the memory address of
 int: Used to store integer values. Example: int age =
another variableUser-defined Data Types:
25;  Structure: Used to store a collection of
 float: Used to store decimal values. Example: float heterogeneous data elements. Example: struct
price = 10.99; student { char name[50]; int age; };
  Union: Similar to a structure, but only one member
double: Used to store double-precision floating-point
values. Example: double pi = 3.14159; can be accessed at a time. Example: union data { int

i; float f; };
char: Used to store single characters. Example: char
grade = 'A';  . Example: int *p; p = &age;
variables

 Variables  // Declare variables example

 In C programming, a variable is a container int num1, num2, sum;
that holds a value. It has a name, a data type,
num1 = 5; num2 = 7;
and a value assigned to it. Variables are used
to store and manipulate data in a program. sum = num1 + num2;
printf("The sum of %d and %d is %d.", num1,
num2, sum);
Input and output stmts

Input and Output statement are used to read and write the
data in C
programming.

printf()-->it display the data in the screen…

scanf()it read the data from the user…

comments

Comments are two types : #include<stdio.h> #include<stdio.h>

int main() int main()
1. Single line comment..(//) { {
//printf(“Hello”); /*printf(“Hello”);
2. Multiline Comments..(/* */) printf(“Hii”); printf(“Hii”);*/
printf(“Hwru”); printf(“Hwru”);
} }
o/p: HiiHwru o/p:Hwru
 DATA TYPES

 It represent the data and type of the variable . It describes size of memory to be
allocated for the variable..

 1.Basic Data Types(int,float,char,double)

 2.Derived Defined(Arrays,Pointers,Function)

 3.User Defined(Structures,Unions…)
 OPERATORS
• Arthemetic Operators(+,-,*,/.%)

• Relational Operators(>,<,>=,<=,==,!=)

• Bistwise Operators(&,|)

• Logical Operators(&&,||,!)

• Assignment Operators(=)

• Compound Assignment Operators(+=,-=,*=,/=,%=)

• Increment/Derement Operators(++,--)

• Bitwise Shift Operations(>>(right),<<(left))

VARIABLES

Variables are which is used to stored the data…Variables are names

Variable Declaration:
<<Datatype>> <<variable name>;
Ex:int val;

Variable Intilization:
<<Datatype>> <<variable name>> = value;
Ex:int val=10;
 LOOPS

Loops are used to execute the statement multiple times… for(intilization;condition;u

While(condition) pdation)
{ {
In C Loops can be: ----; --------;
----; --------;
}
1.Entry Control Loop(While ,For) }

do
{
2.Exit Control Loop(do while) -----;
-----;
}while(condition);
Loop Control Statements:
1.break; //it stops execution and come out from the loop
2.Continue;//it skips the execution control goes to update expression
 EXAMPLE PROGRAMS ON LOOPS

int i=0; do
for(int i=0;i<10;i++) While(i<10) {
{ { printf(“%d
printf(“%d “,i); printf(“%d “,i);
“,i); i++;
} }while(i<10);
}
o/p:0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 o/p: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
o/p:0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
int i; int i;
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) { for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
if (i == 4) { {
break; if (i == 4) {
} continue;
printf("%d ", i); }
} printf("%d\n", i);
O/P:0 1 2 3 }
o/p:01 2 3 5 67 8 9
 CONDITIONAL
STATEMENTS

Conditional statements in C are programming constructs that allow a program to execute

different blocks of code based on whether a certain condition is true or false.

Conditional Statements are :

1.if if(condition){execute the statements }condition true

2.if-else if(condition){if statements are execute}else{else part stat executed}

3.Switch switch(choice){case 1: case 2:

statements; statements;
break; break;
}
 FUNCTIONS

A function is a block of code which only runs when it is called.

You can pass data, known as parameters, into a function.

#include<stdio.h>
Syntax: Int add(int,int)Function Declaration
Int main()
{
returntype functionname(arg1,arg2) int a=10,b=20;
{ add(a,b);Called Function
}
------; Int add(int c,int d)Function Definition
------; {
printf(“%d”,c+d);
return 0;
} }
 FUNCTIONS

ACTUAL PARAMETERS :
 The arguments which are present in the called function are Actual
Argument #include<stdioh>
Int add(int,int)Function Declaration
add(a,b);Called Function Int main()
{
int a=10,b=20;
FORMAL ARGUMENTS :
add(a,b);Called Function
 The arguments which are present in the function definition are }
Int add(int c,int d)Function Definition
 Formal Arguments..
{
 Int add(int c,int d)Function Definition printf(“%d”,c+d);
return 0;
}
 ARRAYS

• Arrays which is used to stored collection of same datatype elements.

• Arrays stored collection of homogeneous elements..
• Array elements can be accessed based on index value
• Array index start with 0 ends with size-1
• Syntax :datatype arrayname[size];Declaration
 datatype arrayname[5]={1,2,3,4,5};Intilization
 ARRAYS

• Reading and printing the array elements using loop

#include<stdio.h>
Int main()
{
int num=5, arr[num];
for(int i=0;i<num;i++)
{
scanf(“%d”,&arr[i]);
}
for(int i=0;i<num;i++)
{

printf(“%d “,arr[i]);
}
}
 TWO DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS

Two Dimensional arrays are also called as matrix .It stores the values in rows
and coloumns..
int x[3][4];
for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
Syntax :
{
Datatype arrayname[row][col]; for(int j = 0; j < 4;
j++){
Example :-
scanf(“%d”,&x[i][j]);
int arr[2][2]={{1,2},{3,4}};
col1 col2 printf(“%d”,x[i][j]);
}
row1 1 2
}
row2 3 4
 STRUCTURES

• Arrays which is used to stored collection of same datatype elements.

• Structures which is used to stored to collection of same and different data type element
Syntax:
struct structure name
{
member1;
member2;
};
struct structure name variablename;structure variable declaration
Note : Structure class ends with semicolon
Ex:
struct structure
{
int a;
float b;
};
struct structure var={1,2.2};structure initialization
int main()
{
printf(“%d %f\n”,var.a,var.b);
}

Note:We can acess the structure elements by using (.)operator..

unions