APPLICATION OF RADIO

AND MICROWAVES IN
WIRELESS
COMMUNICATION
Radio Waves
They are produced by making electrons vibrate in an antenna.

commonly used in radio and

television communications`
 BAND Frequency Range Wavelength Range Application
Extremely Low < 3 kHz > 100 km
Frequency (ELF)
Very Low 3-30 Hz 10 - 100 km
Frequency (VLF)
Low Frequency 30-300 kHz 1 – 10 m Radio
(LF) communication
Medium and high Medium Frequency 300 kHz – 3 MHz 100m – 1 km Radio communication
(AM radio
frequency waves (MF) broadcasting)
are for
broadcasting by High Frequency 3-300 MHz 10 – 100 m Radio communication
(AM radio broadcasting)
local radio stations (HF)
Very High 30-300 MHZ 1 – 10 m Radio communication
(FM radio broadcasting)
Frequency (VHF)
TV Broadcasting

Ultra High 300 MHz – 3 GHz 10 cm – 1m Radio communication

(FM radio broadcasting)
Frequency (UHF)
TV Broadcasting

Super High 3-30 GHz 1 – 10 cm Radio communication

Frequency (SHR)
Satellite
Communication
Extremely High 30-300 GHz 1mm – 1 cm
 BAND Frequency Range Wavelength Range Application
Extremely Low < 3 kHz > 100 km
Frequency (ELF)
Very Low 3-30 Hz 10 - 100 km
Frequency (VLF)
Low Frequency 30-300 kHz 1 – 10 m Radio
(LF) communication
Medium Frequency 300 kHz – 3 MHz 100m – 1 km Radio communication
(AM radio
(MF) broadcasting)
High Frequency 3-300 MHz 10 – 100 m Radio communication
(AM radio broadcasting)
(HF)

High and ultra Very High 30-300 MHZ 1 – 10 m Radio communication

(FM radio broadcasting)
Frequency (VHF)
high
frequencies TV Broadcasting

are used in TV Ultra High 300 MHz – 3 GHz 10 cm – 1m Radio communication

(FM radio broadcasting)
broadcasting Frequency (UHF)
TV Broadcasting

Super High 3-30 GHz 1 – 10 cm Radio communication

Frequency (SHR)
Satellite
Communication
Extremely High 30-300 GHz 1mm – 1 cm
 BAND Frequency Range Wavelength Range Application
Extremely Low < 3 kHz > 100 km
Frequency (ELF)
Very Low 3-30 Hz 10 - 100 km
Frequency (VLF)
Low Frequency 30-300 kHz 1 – 10 m Radio
(LF) communication
Medium Frequency 300 kHz – 3 MHz 100m – 1 km Radio communication
(AM radio
(MF) broadcasting)
High Frequency 3-300 MHz 10 – 100 m Radio communication
(AM radio broadcasting)
(HF)
Very High 30-300 MHZ 1 – 10 m Radio communication
(FM radio broadcasting)
Frequency (VHF)
TV Broadcasting

Ultra High 300 MHz – 3 GHz 10 cm – 1m Radio communication

(FM radio broadcasting)
Frequency (UHF)
TV Broadcasting

Super high Super High 3-30 GHz 1 – 10 cm Radio communication

frequencies are Frequency (SHR)
used in satellite Satellite
Communication
communication
Extremely High 30-300 GHz 1mm – 1 cm
In a radio station, sound is converted by a
microphone into patterns of electric
current variations called Audio-Frequency
(AF) signals
High frequency radio waves called Radio-
Frequency (RF) carries can be modulated
to match the electronical signal.
In amplitude modulation (Am), the amplitude of
the radio waves (RF carrier) changes to match
that of the AF signal. This is used in standard
broadcasting because it can be sent over long
In this process, instead of the amplitude of the
RF carrier, it is the frequency of the waves that
changes to match that of the signal. This is
called frequency modulation (FM).
When the radio wave is received by the antenna of
a radio or television, the pattern is converted back
to its original form.
The sound portions of most
television broadcast are
carried as AM waves while
the picture portions are
carried as FM waves
 They are used to
transmit sound and
picture information over
long distances