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Relation of Form To Structure

This document discusses the relationship between the form and structure of buildings. It provides objectives about describing fundamental structural systems and how they influence building form. Five basic structural forms are described: cube, sphere, cylinder, cone, and pyramid. The five fundamental structural systems - post and lintel, corbel, arch, cohesive, and truss - are introduced. Additionally, the document discusses how the building site impacts form through geographical, climatic, and sensory factors. It emphasizes the importance of considering structure and how mechanical/environmental systems relate to building form.

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56 views53 pages

Relation of Form To Structure

This document discusses the relationship between the form and structure of buildings. It provides objectives about describing fundamental structural systems and how they influence building form. Five basic structural forms are described: cube, sphere, cylinder, cone, and pyramid. The five fundamental structural systems - post and lintel, corbel, arch, cohesive, and truss - are introduced. Additionally, the document discusses how the building site impacts form through geographical, climatic, and sensory factors. It emphasizes the importance of considering structure and how mechanical/environmental systems relate to building form.

Uploaded by

cherthrs
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Relation of

Form to Structure
Objectives:
 Be able to describe the five (5)
fundamental structural systems &
explain how structural systems
influence building form.
 Develop a concept for an assigned
design problem.
 Create a design solution that bares the
relation of its form and structure.
FORM – the shape and
structure of
something as
distinguished from its
material and
substance
Basic Forms
CUBE
from square
Architecture_Design_pt.7_Skidmore_Owings_and_Merrill.flv
SPHERE
from circle
Architecture_Design_pt._13_Santiago_Calatrava.flv
CYLINDER
from circle

Architecture_Design_pt._9_Renzo_Piano.flv
Architecture_Design_pt._10_Jean_Nouvel.flv
CONE
from triangle
PYRAMID
from triangle
STRUCTURE – a stable assembly of structural elements designed
and constructed to function as a whole in supporting and transmitting
applied loads safely to the ground without exceeding the allowable
stresses in the members
Fundamental
Structural
Systems
Post & Lintel
Corbel
Arch
Cohesive
Truss
Types of structures
(according to behavior
under the action of an
applied load or
changing load
Rigid
Of or pertaining to a
structure or structural
member having a shape
that does not change
appreciably under the
action of an applied load or
changing loads
Bulk-active structure

a structure or structural
member that redirects
external forces primarily
through the bulk and
continuity of its material,
as a beam or column
Vector-active
a structure or structural
member that redirects
external forces primarily
through the composition of
tension and compression
members, as a truss
Surface-active
a structure or structural
member that redirects
external forces primarily
along the continuity of a
surface, as a plate or
shell
Flexible
Of or pertaining to a
structure or structural
member characterized by a
lack of stiffness and having
a shape that responds to
changes in loading
Form-active
structure
a structure or structural
member that redirects
external forces primarily
through the form of its
material, as an arch or
cable
The Building
Site
 Before one begins to design and
construct a house, one should
carefully consider the implications of
its proposed physical context, the
building site.
 Buildingform is influenced by
geographical location, topography,
climate, orientation and peripheral
conditions.
 The correct siting of the house
helps in the control of natural
light, heat, ventilation, view,
noise and other environmental
factors.
 Eachsite has an individual
character that suggests the
most appropriate structural
system and architectural styling.
Geographical Factors

 Soil – type of foundation


 Topography – the building form and its
relationship to the ground plane; site
drainage
 Vegetation – site microclimate
Climatic Factors
 Sun– heat gain and
natural light
 Wind – ventilation of
interior spaces
 Precipitation
–
rainwater harvesting
 Temperature–
thermal comfort
Sensory Factors
 Views – types and
location of door and
window openings;
types of vegetation
used in landscaping.
 Sound – choice of
building materials and
method of
construction.
The Building and its
Utilities

 Electrical – light & power


 Mechanical – aircon units and fans
 Plumbing – water supply, drainage, waste
and vent
 Safety and Security – smoke detector, fire
The Importance
of Structural
Thinking?
The need to provide buildings with
mechanical and other environmental
subsystems that support the horizontal
and vertical movement of men and
materials as well as provide for
heating, ventilation, air conditioning,
power, water, waste disposal,
acoustical and lighting needs
A. Provisions for heating,
ventilation, AC, power, water
and waste services can be
visualized in a tree diagram
B. Acoustics – influenced by structural shape; when a
structure is flexible, vibrations are transmitted
: dome roofs concentrate
: dish roof disburses
C. Artificial and natural light

: good interface minimizes structural interface


: poor interface maximizes structural interface
: natural light and structure interact at overall level
>fully enclosed box represents
simple structural problem but
provides no natural light
> fully transparent roof
provides natural light but poses
a complex structural problem
> bearing wall and shear wall design
is simple but admits little light
> frame design is more complex but
allows up to 80% of the walls to be
transparent for light and view

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