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Probability

The document provides examples of probability concepts including sample spaces, events, and calculating the probability of simple events. Examples include tossing coins, rolling dice, drawing cards, and selecting balls from bags. The examples demonstrate how to determine the sample space and events for different experiments and how to calculate the probability of outcomes by dividing the number of favorable outcomes by the total number of possible outcomes.

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Leslie Mercado
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80 views13 pages

Probability

The document provides examples of probability concepts including sample spaces, events, and calculating the probability of simple events. Examples include tossing coins, rolling dice, drawing cards, and selecting balls from bags. The examples demonstrate how to determine the sample space and events for different experiments and how to calculate the probability of outcomes by dividing the number of favorable outcomes by the total number of possible outcomes.

Uploaded by

Leslie Mercado
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BASIC CONCEPTS OF

PROBABILITY
EXAMPLES
EXPERIMENT SAMPLE SPACE (S) EVENTS (E)
TOSSING A COIN The event that a
head will occur.
head (H) tail (T) E = {H}
S = {H, T}

The event that


ROLLING A DIE even number
appears.
E = {2, 4, 6}
S = {1,2,3,4,5,6}
EXAMPLES
EXPERIMENT SAMPLE SPACE (S) EVENTS (E)
The event that an
ROLLING A DIE & even number will
TOSSING A COIN come out.
E = {2h, 4h, 6h, 2T,
4T, 6T}
The event that a tail
and odd number
S = {1H, 2H, 3H, 4H, 5H,6H, will come out.
1T, 2T, 3T, 4T, 5T, 6T} E = {1T, 3T, 5T}
EXAMPLES
EXPERIMENT SAMPLE SPACE (S) EVENTS (E)
Identical number S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, The event that the
cards (1, 2, … 10) 7, 8, 9, 10} number drawn is
are placed in a prime.
box and a card is
drawn at random E = {2, 3, 5, 7}
PROBABILITY OF SIMPLE EVENTS
EXAMPLES
1. A coin is tossed, find the probability of getting a head.
Sample Space (S) = {H, T}
n(head) 1
n(S) = 2 P(head) = =
n(sample space) 2
Event = {H}

2. What is the probability of rolling a prime number on a number cube?


Sample Space (S) = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} Event = {2, 3, 5}
n(S) = 6 n(3) = 3
n(E)
P(head) =
n(S)
EXAMPLES
A standard deck of cards has four suites: hearts, clubs, spades &
diamonds. Each suite has thirteen cards: ace, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, jack,
queen and king. Thus the entire deck has 52 cards total.
EXAMPLES
3. A playing card is drawn at random from a standard deck of 52 playing
cards. Find the probability of drawing;
a. a diamond P(a diamond) =

b. a black card P(a black card) =

c. a queen P(a queen) =


EXAMPLES
3. A playing card is drawn at random from a standard deck of 52 playing
cards. Find the probability of drawing;
a. a diamond n(E) 13 1
P(a diamond) = = =
n(S) 52 4
n(E) 26 1
b. a black card P(a black card) = = =
n(S) 52 2

n(E) 4 1
c. a queen P(a queen) = = =
n(S) 52 13
EXAMPLES
4. Three coins are tossed. What is the probability of getting:

__________ a. three heads?


__________ b. two heads?
__________ c. one head?
__________ d. at least two tails?
__________ e. at most two tails?

__________ f. no tail?
EXAMPLES
4. Three coins are tossed. What is the probability of getting:
1
__________ a. three heads?
8 S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT,
3
__________ b. two heads?
8
TTT, THH,THT, TTH}
3
__________ c. one head?
8
n(S) = 8
4 1
__________ d. at least two tails?
8
=
2 greater than or equal

7
__________ e. at most two tails?
8 less than or equal

1
__________ f. no tail?
8
EXAMPLES
5. A bag contains 7 white balls and 11 orange balls.
a. If a ball is drawn at random from the bag, find the probability that
the ball is:
__________
0 i. green
7
__________
18 ii. white
11
__________
18 iii. not white

b. If 12 red balls are added to the bag and a ball is drawn from the bag.
Find the probability that ball is:
12 = 2
__________
30 5 i. red
18 = 3
__________
30 5 ii. not red
11
__________
30 iii. orange
EXAMPLES
6. Find the probability of the complement of each event.
a. Rolling a die and getting a 4.
1 1 5
P(4) = 1- =
6 6 6
b. Selecting a letter of the alphabet and getting a vowel.
5 5 21
P(vowel) = 1- =
26 26 26
c. Selecting a month and getting a month that begins with a J.
3 1
P(month that begins with a J) = =
12 4

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