GENDER

AWARENESS,
SENSITIVITY
AND
DEVELOPMEN
T
 Objective
s
1. The students should be able to define and
expound Gender and Development (GAD)

2. The students should be able to understand

basic GAD issues and cite some based on their
experiences

3. The students should be able to familiarize

themselves with Gender Education Advocacy
and Situation.
 DEFINING GENDER
Gender refers to the socially determined ideas and practice as to
what it means to be female or male. In different societies, there are
different sets of rules, norms, customs and practices by which differences
between males and females are translated into socially constructed
differences between women and men, boys and girls. These culturally
determined gender identities define rights and responsibilities and what is
‘appropriate’ behavior for women and for men. This often results in the
two genders being valued differently, often reinforcing the idea that
womenare inferior and subordinate to men.
 DEFINING GENDER
Gender equality means equal opportunities, rights and
responsibilities for women and men, girls and boys. Equality does not
mean that women and men are the same but that women’s and men’s
opportunities, rights and responsibilities do not depend on whether that
are born female or male. It implies that the interests, needs and priorities
of both women and men are taken inti consideration.
 DEFINING GENDER
Gender mainstreaming has been defined by the United Nations as “the
process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action,
including legislation, policies or programmes, in any area and at all levels. It is a
strategy for making the concerns and experiences of women as well as of men an
integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of
policies and programmes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that
women and men benefit equally, and inequality is not perpetuated. The ultimate
goal (of mainstreaming) is to achieve gender equality”
 Gender Analysis- The systematic gathering and examination of
information on gender differences and social relations in order to
identify understand and redress inequities based on gender
 Gender Discrimination- The systematic, unfavorable treatment of
individuals on the basis of their gender, which denies them rights,
opportunities of resources.
 Division of Labor- The socially determined ideas and practices
which define what roles and activities are deemed appropriate for
women and men
 Gender Equality and Equity- Gender equality denotes women having the
same opportunities in life as men, including the ability to participate in the
public sphere Gender equity denotes the equivalence in life outcomes for
women and men, recognizing their different needs and interests, and
requiring a redistribution of power and resources Gender Mainstreaming. An
organizational strategy to bring a gender perspective to all aspects of an
institution’s policy and activities, through building gender capacity and
accountability.
 Gender Needs- Shared and prioritized needs identified by women that arise
from their common experience as a gender.
 Gender Planning- The technical and political processes and procedures
necessary to implement gender-sensitive policy
 Gender Relations- Hierarchical relations of power between women and men that
tend to disadvantage women

 Gender Training- A facilitated process of developing awareness and capacity on

gender issues, to bring about personal or organizational change for gender equality

 Gender Violence- Any act or threat by men or male-dominated institutions, that

inflicts physical, sexual, or psychological harm on a woman or girl because of their
gender

National Machineries for Women Agencies with a mandate for the

advancement of women established within and by governments for integrating gender
concerns in development policy and planning Patriarchy Systemic societal structures
that institutionalize male physical, social and eonomic power over women.
 Sex and Gender- Sex refers to the biological characteristics that
categorize someone as either female or male; whereas gender
refers to the socially determined ideas and practices of what it is to
be female or male.
 Social Justice Fairness and Equity- as a right for all in the
outcomes of development, through processes of social
transformation.
 WID/GAD The WID (or Women in Development) approach calls
for greater attention to women in development policy and practice,
and emphasizes the need to integrate them into the development
process. In contrast, the GAD (or Gender and Development)
approach focuses on the socially constructed basis of differences
between men and women and emphasizes the need to challenge
existing gender roles and relations.
 Women’s Empowerment- A ‘bottom-up’ process of transforming gender
power relations, through individuals or groups developing awareness of
women’s subordination and building their capacity to challenge it.
Women’s Human Rights The recognition that women’s rights are human
rights and that women experience injustices solely because of their gender.
SEXUAL HARASSMENT
R.A. No. 7877, approved by the President on Valentine’s Day in 1995,
punishes sexual harassment. The Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995 is
enacted primarily to protect and respect the dignity of workers, employees, and
applicants from employment as well as students in educational institutions or
training centers. This law consisting of ten sections provides for a clear
definition of work, education of work, education or training-related sexual
harassment and specifies the acts constituting sexual harassment. It likewise
provides for the duties and liabilities of the employer in cases of sexual
harassment and sets penalties for violations of its provisions. It is to be noted
that a victim of sexual harassment is not barred from filling a separate and
independent action for damages and other relief aside from filling the charge
for sexual harassment
HOW COMMITED
Sexual harassmanet is commited when a person exercising moral
ascendancy, formal or informal power demands, requests or otherwise
requires any sexual favor from another regardless of wether the demand,
request or requirement for sexual favor is accepted or not. The victim of
sexual harassmnet may be a male or female of position or rank on the office
or school.
VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL ACTS CONSIDERED AS SEXUAL
HARASSMNET

VERBAL

1. Threats or insults;
2. Offensive or suggestive comments;
3. Messages with sexual content;
4. Persistent pressure for dates;
5. Whistles or catcalls;
6. Sexually oriented remarks about a person’s
clothing or body; and
7. Rumors about an individual’s sexual activity or references
NON- VERBAL

1. Suggestive gestures or looks winks, licking lips. Etc.

2. Staring o leering
3. Displaying posters, photos or drawings of a sexual nature
4. Leaving sexually suggestive notes, magazines, cartoons, mugs, or
pictures
5. Overlooking, ignoring, or failing to take action or report illegal
activities or reported sexual harassment
 EDUCATIONAL/TRAINING RELATED SEXUAL
HARASSMENT
When the sexual advances result in an intimidating hostile
or offensive environment for the student, trainee or apprentice
Any person whi directs or induces another to commit any
act of sexual harassmnet as herein defined, or who cooperates in
the commission thereof by another, without which it would not
have committed, shall also be held liable under this act.
HOW IS SEXUAL VIOLENCE COMMITTED
1. Rape;
2. Sexual harassment;
3. Acts of lasciviousness;
4. Treating a woman or her child as a sex object;
5. Msking demeaning and sexually suggestive remarks;
6. Physically attacking the sexual parts of the victims body
7. Forcing the woman or her child to watch obscene publications; and
8. Forcing the woman or her child to do indecent acts and/or make films thereof;
9. Forcing the wife and mistress/lover to live in the conjugal home or sleep
together in the same room with the abuser
10.Causing or attempting to cause the victim to engage in any sexual activity by
force, thereat of force, ohysical or other harm or coercoin;
11.Prostituting the woman or her child
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9262 ANTI-VIOLENCE
AGAINST WOMEN AND THEIR CHILDREN ACT OF
2004
A. Violence against women and their children” refers to any act or a series of acts committed by
any person against a woman who is his wife former wife, or against a woman with whom the
person has or had a sexual or dating relationship, or with whom he has a common child, or
against her child whether legitimate or illigitimate, within or without the family abode, which
result in or is likely to result in physical sexual, psychological harm or suffering, or economic
abuse including threats of such acts, battery, assault, coercion, harassmanet or arbitrary
deprivation of liberty. It includes, but is not limited to , the following acts;

A. “Physical Violence” refers to acts that include bodily or physical harm;

B. “Sexual violence” refers to an act which is sexual in nature, committed against a woman or her
child. It includes, but is not limited to:
a. rape, sexual harassmant, acts of lasciviousness, treating a woman or her
child as a sex object, making demeaning and sexually suggestive
remarks, physically attacking the sexual parts of the victim’s body,
forcing her/him to watch obscene publications and indecent shows or
forcing the woman or her child to do indecent acts and/or make films
thereof, forcing the wife and mistress/ lover to live in the conjugal home
or sleep tegether in the same room with the abuser.
b. Acts causing or attempting to cause the victim to engage in any sexual
activity by force, threat of force, physical or other harm or threat of
physical or other harm or coercion;
c. Prostituting the woman or child
B. “Psychological violence” refers to acts or omissions causing or likely
to cause mental or emotional suffering of the victim such as but not
limited to intimidation, harassment, stalking, damage to property, public
ridicule or humiliation, repeated verbal abuse and mental infidelity. It
includes causing or allowing the victim to witness the physical, sexual or
psychological abuse of a member of the family to which the victim
belongs, or to witness pornography in any form or to witness abusive
injury to pets or to unlawful or unwanted deprivation of the right to
custody and/or visitation of common children
C. “Economic abuse” refers to acts that make or attempt to make a
woman financially dependent which includes, but is not limited to the
following:
1. Withdrawal of financial support or preventing the victim from engaging in
any legitimate profession, occupation, business or activity, except in cases
wherein the other spouse/ partner objects on valid, serious and moral
grounds as defined in Article 73 of this Family Code;

2. Deprivation or thereat of deprivation of financial resources and the right

to the use and enjoyment of the conjugal, community or property owned
in common:

3. Destroying household property;

4. Controlling the conjugal money or properties

b. “ Battery” refers to an act of inflicting physical harm upon the woman her
child resulting to the physical and psychological or emotional distress.

c. “Battered Woman Syndrome” refers to a scientifically defined pattern of

psychological and behavioral symptoms found in women living battering
relationships as a results of cumulative abuse

d. “Stalking” refers to an intentional act committed by a person who

knowingly and without lawful justification follows the woman or her child or
places the woman or her child under surveillance directly or indirectly or a
combination thereof.
e. “Dating relationship” refers to a situation wherein the parties live as
husband and wife without the benefit of marriage or are romantically involved
over time and on a continuing basis during the course of the relationship. A
casual acquaintance or ordinary socialization between two individuals in a
business or social context is not a dating relationship

f. “Sexual relationship” refers to a single sexual act which may or may not
result in the bearing of a common child.
g. “Safe place or shelter” refers to any home or institution maintained
managed by the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) or
by any other agency or voluntary organization accredited by the DSWD for
the purposes of this Act or any other suitable place the resident of which is
willing temporarily to receive the victim.

h. “Children” refers to those below eighteen (18) years of age or older but are
incapable of taking care of themselves as defined under Republic Act No.
7610. As used in this Act, it includes the biological children of the victim and
other children under her care.
THANK
YOU !