Ultrasound Machine
Ultrasound is a medical imaging technique that uses
high frequency sound waves and their echoes.
Typical diagnostic sonographic scanners operate in
the frequency range of 2 to 18 megahertz, hundreds
of times greater than the limit of human hearing.
A water-based gel is used to couple the ultrasound
between the transducer and patient for better
transmission.
Ultrasound Device Consists
Transducer Transmitter And Receive
Pulse Generator
Compensating Amplifier
The Control Unit For Focusing
Digital Processors
Systems For Display
Mode of operation
Four different modes of ultrasound are used in medical
imaging but also other mode of operation.
A-mode (Amplitude)
B- Mode (Brightness/ 2D)
M-Mode (Motion)
Color flow Doppler imaging
Video Presentation on Mode of ultrasound
machine
• https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=JqVGgq5bE-Y
• Operation of mode of ultrasound machine
Purpose of ultrasound machine
Examining body of internal organs like
heart and blood vessels
Liver
Gallbladder
Spleen
Pancreas
Kidneys
Bladder
Uterus
unborn child (fetus) in pregnant patients
Benefits of Medical Ultrasound
Noninvasive (no needles or injections).
Does not use any ionizing radiation.
Provides real-time imaging.
No radiation
Low cost of the equipment
No special building.
Working principle of ultrasound machine
Transmits high-frequency (1 to 5 megahertz) sound pulses
into your body using a transducer probe.
Sound waves travel into your body
Some of the sound waves get reflected back to the probe,
The reflected waves are picked up by the probe and relayed
to the machine.
The machine calculates the distance from the probe to the
tissue or
The machine displays the distances and intensities of the
echoes on the screen, forming a two and three dimensional
image through software application in each board loaded
… Continue
Parameters in ultrasound machine
Frequency
Frequency refers to the number of cycles of
compressions and rarefactions in a sound wave per
second,
Wave length
The wavelength is the distance traveled by sound in one
cycle.
Propagation velocity
The propagation velocity is the velocity at which sound
travels through a particular tissue
Relation
v = fl
Piezoelectric effects
• The piezoelectric effect refers to a change in
electric polarization that is produced in certain
materials when they are subjected to
mechanical stresses
Basics Parts of Ultrasound machine
List parts of ultrasound machine?
Explain function of each parts of ultrasound
machine?
Basics Parts of Ultrasound machine
LCD/CRT
1.
Keyboard
Ultrasound machine Board
Transducer probe
• Types
• Function ?
• Working principle ?
Ultrasound transducer with many piezoelectric elements converts
electrical pulses from the transmitter into an acoustic/sound beam.
This acoustic/sound beam propagates into the body, where echoes
from interfaces between tissues with different acoustic/sound
impedances are reflected back to the transducer and converted into
electrical signals by multiple transducer elements.
Each transducer element is connected to an analog-to-digital
converter (ADC) followed by a digital beam forming channel.
After analog signal conditioning, signals from transducer elements are
digitized by ADCs, so that digital beam forming can be performed.
Following beam forming, demodulation is applied to remove the
carrier frequency of the received ultrasound data to extract the
complex baseband. The baseband data are passed onto the back-end of
an ultrasound system where signal and image processing for various
ultrasound modes (B mode, color Doppler, spectral Doppler and
elastography) are performed before display.
Structure of ultrasound machine Probe
Video presentation
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=I1Bdp2tMFsY
Software
Video presentation
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=oTUbdL5qjr0
DICOM
Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine
(DICOM) is a standard for handling, storing,
printing, and transmitting information in medical
imaging. It includes Image file format
definition and a network communications protocol.
The communication protocol is an
application protocol that uses TCP/IP to communicate
between systems. DICOM files can be
exchanged between two entities that are capable of
receiving image and patient data in DICOM
format
Maintenance
An actions which have the objective of
retaining or restoring broken equipment.
A state in which it can perform and
involve fixing any sort of
mechanical, plumbing, or electrical device
should it become out of order or broken.
performing routine actions which keep the
device in working order
Generally speaking, there are two types of maintenance
1. Preventive maintenance, where equipment is
maintained before break down occurs
Mostly called scheduled maintenance
2. Corrective maintenance, where equipment is
maintained after break down.
Corrective maintenance is mostly used although
it is often most expensive because worn
equipment can damage other parts and cause
multiple damages.
…. Cont.
Plan and preparation
Safety and precaution
Gather information
Observation
Maintenance
Maintenance procedures
• What are procedures to maintain
not function ultrasound machine?
• refer manual
Common problem of ultrasound machine
Voltage Cracked board
Socket Grounding
Power cable Transduce Probe
Cable lose connection Board
Fuse LCD/Display
Power supply board Keyboard
Transformer Image distortion
Electronics components Software
Repair
Proper handling of Ultrasound machine
Discuses in group
1. Ask advantages of proper handling of
ultrasound machine?
2. Suggest advantages of history file?
3. Define the performance Test?
4. Define safety and caution symbols?
5. Demonstrate yours attitude of handling of
ultrasound machine?
• End of the course
• Thank you very much
