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Lecture 4 - Pressure Drawdown (PDD) Test

1. Pressure drawdown (PDD) tests involve opening a well to constant flow rate and analyzing the pressure response over time. They are commonly used to characterize reservoir properties in exploration wells. 2. PDD tests can indicate different flow regimes - an early transient period, a late transient period where boundaries affect flow, and a pseudo-steady state period. Analysis methods include plotting pressure vs log time to determine permeability from the slope. 3. Late transient and reservoir limit testing analysis involve plotting pressure vs time on log-log or Cartesian plots. The slopes and intercepts indicate reservoir properties like pore volume and drainage shape. Long PDD tests may reach pseudo-steady state for direct estimation of drainage volume.

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49 views22 pages

Lecture 4 - Pressure Drawdown (PDD) Test

1. Pressure drawdown (PDD) tests involve opening a well to constant flow rate and analyzing the pressure response over time. They are commonly used to characterize reservoir properties in exploration wells. 2. PDD tests can indicate different flow regimes - an early transient period, a late transient period where boundaries affect flow, and a pseudo-steady state period. Analysis methods include plotting pressure vs log time to determine permeability from the slope. 3. Late transient and reservoir limit testing analysis involve plotting pressure vs time on log-log or Cartesian plots. The slopes and intercepts indicate reservoir properties like pore volume and drainage shape. Long PDD tests may reach pseudo-steady state for direct estimation of drainage volume.

Uploaded by

DANDY
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Pressure Transient Testing

Pressure Drawdown (PDD) Test for Infinite-Acting Radial Flow and


Pseudo steady-state Flow
Pressure drawdown (PDD) Test
Lecture 4a – Fiki Hidayat, M.Eng
Introduction
• The drawdown test has been defined as the instantaneous opening of a
well to flow that is then maintained at a constant rate.
• In practice, it is impossible to create such a sudden flow rate change, and it
is extremely difficult to hold the rate constant immediately after opening
well.
• The prescription of constant rate in the drawdown test is mainly a
constraint of graphical analysis methods.
• The drawdown tests are not common in practice because the initial well
condition may be neither static nor stable, especially if the well was
recently drilled or had been flowed previously.
• This test most often is carried out in exploration wells, in cases in which the
field is in an undeveloped, nonproducing state before the test.
Flow Rate And Pressure History During A
Drawdown Test
Pressure Response At Drawdown Test

Plot P vs Log t should


be linear
Theoretical Background
• Concept of Flow Regime

A = transient period
After flow, (infinite
skin & WBS acting)
effects B = late transient
Pwf A C = Pseudo/Semi
B Reservoir
Steady State
C Limit Testing

t
Flow Regime during Pressure Drawdown
Drawdown Testing
Infinite Acting / Transient Period
1. Plot log (Pi – Pwf) vs log t for determining the end of wellbore storage
effect.

2. Plot pwf against log(t). From the semilog plot, slope m (negative value)

is used for determining permeability (k)

k
0.1832qB
S.I. Units m in Pa / (log cycle)
h.m

k
162. 6qB m in psi / (log
Field Units
cycle)
h.m
Pressure Drawdown Analysis

Early deviation caused


Bottom Hole Flowing Pressure (Psi)

by wellbore effects

p1hr
Strai
ght line =
“transient” flow

Slop
e = -m
Late
deviation caused by
boundary effects (end
Skin from drawdown (Infinite acting)
• When k is known from semi-log slope, the only remaining
unknown is “s”

Choose a point on the semi-log line - by convention at t =


1 hour
Problem Example
• From this fig, the semilog straight line slope
m is -236.7 psi/log cycle, and using measure
values of q(2,500 stb/d), B(1.1 rb/stb), µ(1
cp), and h(25 ft), the permeability k can be
estimated,

• The skin factor also can be estimated. By


substituting the specific value of t=1 hr, the
skin factor eq. is obtained:
Example for Drawdown Test (Tutorial)

Estimate k and skin factor!


Pressure drawdown (PDD) Test –
Late Transient & Reservoir Limit Testing
Lecture 4b – Fiki Hidayat, M.Eng
Late transient – bounded reservoir
• Pressure behavior at constant rate in bounded reservoir
can be represented by

• With slope and intercept

• Plot log (pwf - ) vs t will be linear if is known. Therefore,


trial and error method should be applied for determining
• Schematic late-transient drawdown analysis plot
Late Transient Analysis
After determining the correct , then kh can be calculated,

The pore volume (drainage volume) can also determine from the slop of the
plot,

in which re ,

Skin can also be determine,

Pressure drop due to skin


RESERVOIR LIMIT
TESTING
If the reservoir is small enough or the
test long enough, outer boundary
effects will be encountered during the
well test.

This encounter may be accidental,


deliberate (as in reservoir limit
testing), or inevitable (analysis of
long-term production data).
Semi-steady state (Reservoir Limit Test)
If the Pressure Drawdown (PDD) test is run for a long period of
time, the pressure will follow semi-steady state behavior.
Cartesian plot between Pwf and t should be linear, shows by
equation below.

where
Semi-steady state
The slope can be used to calculate the reservoir drainage volume

And if the PDD test data is available during infinite and SSS period,
drainage shape can be estimated

The dimensionless time used by Dietz to define the beginning of


SSS behavior
Problem Example
• See and redo the example 2.12 – Estimating Reservoir Pore Volume
from a Constant-Rate Flow Test (Pressure Transient Testing – John Lee,
John Rollins, John Spivey)
Shape Factor (Earlougher, 1977)
The End of semilog straight line (End of
IARF Period

Start of Pseudo Steady State (PSS) Period

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