L E S S O N 2

T E X T
ST R U C T U R
E
TEXT
STRUCTURE
Text structures (WDPI, 2012)
refer to the way authors organize
information in text. Recognizing
the underlying structure of texts
can help students focus attention
on key concepts and
relationships, anticipate what is
to come, and monitor their
comprehension as they read.
 Definition Graphic Organizer

Narrates an event/story
with characters, setting,
conflict, point of view, and
plot
N A R R AT I
VE Transitions/Signal
Words
Questions
-Who is the narrative about?
Descriptive language - Where is it set?
(adjectives, adverbs, - What is the conflict?
- Who is telling the narrative?
similes, and metaphors)
- What is happening?
 Definition Graphic Organizer

Present ideas or events in

CHRONOLO the order in which they

GICAL, happen

PROCESS,
OR Transitions/Signal Questions
Words
SEQUENCE - First, second, third…
- What items, events, or steps are listed?
- Do they have to/ always happen in this
- Later - Finally order?
- Next - After - What sequence of events is being
- Before - When described?
- Then - Since - What are the major incidents that occur?
- Now/ previously - How is this structure revealed in the text?
- Actual use of dates
 Definition Graphic Organizer

Provide explanations or
CAUSE AND reasons for phenomena

EFFECT

Transitions/Signal Questions
Words
- If/then
- since - What happened?
- reasons why
- so that - Why did it happen?
- as a result
- for
- therefore - What caused it to happen?
- due to
- because
- consequently
 Definition Graphic Organizer

Identify problems and

PROBLEM/ pose solutions

SOLUTION

Transitions/Signal Questions
Words
- What is the problem?
- problem is - Why is this a problem?
- dilemma is - Is anything being done to try
- if/then - so that
to solve the problem?
- because - question/ answer
- puzzle is solved - What can be done to solve
the problem?
 Definition Graphic Organizer

Discuss two ideas, events,

C O M PA R E or phenomena, showing

AND how they are different and

how they are similar
CONTRAST
Transitions/Signal Questions
Words
- However/yet - What items are being compared?
- Nevertheless - In what ways are they similar?
- on the other hand Different?
- also/likewise
- but/ whereas - What conclusion does the author reach
- in contrast/ comparison
– similarly about these items?
- different
- although - What conclusion does the author reach
- either/or
about these items?
- in the same way/ just as
 Definition Graphic Organizer

Describes a topic by
DEFINITION listing characteristics,

OR features, attributes, and

examples
DESCRIPTIO
N Transitions/Signal Questions
Words
- What are the most important
- for example
characteristics?
- characteristics
- how is it being described (what does it
- for instance
look like, how does it work, etc.)?
- such as
- What is important to remember about
- including it?
- to illustrate
Why is
Text
Structure
Important?
The readers can
significantly improve their
comprehension and
retention of information
when they can identify and
recognize the text structure
of a text.
It can also help them:
ACTION 1 ACTION 2 ACTION 3

Organize information
Make connections
and details they are Summarize the
learning in their minds
between the
details being important details
while reading.
presented in a text shared in a text
final words
At this stage, you should
have several ideas on the
common text structures used
in academic texts. Keep in
mind these ideas because you
are going to use your
knowledge on text structures
for enhancing your skills in
gleaning information.
 TABLE OF

contents
1 Introduction 4 Brainstorm

2 The team 5 Take action!

3 Main ideas 6 Contact

 THE TEAM

Olivia Wilson Connor Hamilton Howard Ong

Project manager Marketing Manager
 brainstorming main rules
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 best ideas wrong ideas

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idea!
 IDEA 2 IDEA 3
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MAIN
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IDEA 1
TO P I C IDEA 4
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 take 1 Add an action item.

ACTION
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!
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 conc
lusi
01

Conclusion 1
ons 02
03

Conclusion 3
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