03lecture 2

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FATS AND OILS

LECTURE 2
FST-403
B. Sc. (Hons). Food and Science and technology
Semester-7
INSTITUTE OF FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION

UNIVERSITY OF SARGODHA, SARGODHA
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LECTURE OUTLINE
• Uses of fats and oils
• Worldwide production
• Consumption pattern
• Role of fats in food industry
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USES OF FATS AND OILS
Fats and oils are used throughout the world for both food applications and
industrial uses
They are consumed in
• butter, shortening and margarine
• salad oils, and cooking oils
• animal feeds
• soaps and personal care products
• biodiesel and paints (made from alkyd resins)
• lubricants, and greases
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The sources of fats and oils include
• edible vegetable oils
• palm oils
• industrial oils
• animal fats, and
• marine oils
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• Food applications account for the major share (about three-fourths) of

the worldwide consumption of fats and oils. However, there has been a
continued shift from food to industrial consumption, particularly in
biodiesel
• In Europe and the United States, this has been due mainly to the
increased use of rapeseed (canola) oil and soybean oil for biodiesel
production
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WORLDWIDE PRODUCTION
• Global production of fats and oils is led by Asia
• Indonesia is the world’s largest producer, and accounts for more than half of the
global production of palm oil.
• China ranks second in total world production of fats and oils in 2018, and is a
larger producer of soybean and rapeseed (canola) oils.
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CONTINUE…
• Malaysia ranks third in world production because of its place as the

world’s second-largest palm oil producer. India also produces large
volumes of canola and butter. Overall, Asia accounts for more than
half of global fats and oils production in 2018.
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WORLDWIDE CONSUMPTION
• World consumption is also driven mainly by Asia, which accounts for
almost 50% of the world total.
• China and India together make up almost 30% of the world total.
Chinese demand is mainly for soybean oil, followed by palm and
canola oils. India is a major consumer of canola oil, as well as palm oil
and butter
• The main consumers include India, Indonesia, and China, as well as
the rest of Asia, Europe, and Africa
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CONTINUE…
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ROLE OF FAT IN FOOD INDUSTRY
I Fat/Oil used as medium of cooking
• Fat is used in shallow and deep fat frying. Pan-frying is used to cook
chapathis, omelettes, cutlets. Deep fat frying method is used in preparing
snack and junk food
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II.Fat improves the texture of foods
Fat plays an important role in the proper development of texture in cakes,
biscuits and cookies. Its function is particularly important in pastry where
there is no sugar to contribute to tenderness
• Fats help in leavening
The role of fat in the leavening process is its ability to trap air during the
mixing process. So the fat is indirectly responsible for the tenderness of
the cake
Thus fat contribute to the grain and volume of baked products
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• Fat for smoothness
They limit the size of water crystals and help in maintaining smooth texture
They affect the smoothness of crystalline candies through the retardation of
crystallization and the gelatinization of starch in starch thickened mixtures
Fat prevents lump formation and brings smoothness
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• Fat as a shortening agent
One of the most important function of fat is to shorten baked products
which otherwise are solid masses firmly held together by strands of
gluten
In biscuits, a hard fat must be used so that fat can be distributed in
small pieces to give the desired flakiness to the biscuits. Shortened
cakes are made using a plastic fat, which combines readily with the
ingredients in the flour mixture. Butter is used in puff pastry
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III. Fats improve palatability
Fat gives taste and flavor to the food
Ghee and butter when used in the recipe improve the flavor
The ability of fats to take up or dissolve certain aromatic flavor substances
is frequently used in food preparation
Onion, ginger, garlic, peppers and other flavorful foods are cooked in oil so
initially flavor can be incorporation into other foods. Aromatic fruit and
other flavors are also dissolved by fat
Coloring agents like turmeric, when added to oil helps in the distribution of
color through out the food
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1

FATS AND OILS

INSTITUTE OF FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION

• Uses of fats and oils

• Role of fats in food industry

• edible vegetable oils

• animal fats, and

• Food applications account for the major share (about three-fourths) of

• Global production of fats and oils is led by Asia

• Malaysia ranks third in world production because of its place as the

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