Sampling and

Sampling
Distributions
 Learning Competencies

At the end of the lesson, the learners can:

a.illustrate random sampling;
b.distinguish between parameter and statistic;
c.identify sampling distributions of statistic;
d.find the mean and variance of the sampling
distribution of the sample mean.
 Definition of Terms
❑Population – the collection of all the
elements of interest.
❑Sample – a subset/representative of the
population.
❑Sampling – a method of gathering
information about the population by
taking a sample of the population.
 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

Why do we use a sample instead of

the entire population?
• The data collected from samples is smaller in
quantum, and hence can be analyzed and
handled more efficiently than data collected
from the entire population
NON-PROBABILITY c some unit in the population has no
SAMPLING v
chance of being selected.
also known as convenience sampling, is a type of non-
c
probability sampling that involves the sample being drawn
Accidental Sampling v from that part of the population that is close to hand; based on
the accessibility to the researcher.

selected based on the characteristics of a population and

c the objective of the study; based on the criteria set by
Purposive Sampling v
the researcher. Also known as judgmental, selective, or
subjective sampling.

Quota Sampling c requires that representative individuals are chosen out

v of a specific subgroup; selection of samples based on a
fixed number or quota set of the study
NON-PROBABILITY c some unit in the population has no
SAMPLING v
chance of being selected.

also known as chain sampling, chain-referral sampling, or

referral sampling; where existing study subjects recruit future
c subjects from among their acquaintances; used where
Snowball Sampling potential participants are hard to find; the researcher used
v
their own judgment to choose participants; selection of
samples through referrals made by people who possess
characteristics that are of interest to the researcher.
Snowball Sampling
NON-PROBABILITY c some unit in the population has no
SAMPLING v
chance of being selected.

Why do we have a Non-Probability Sampling?

• Because, it is easy, fast and inexpensive way of

collecting data
PROBABILITY c every unit in the population has a
SAMPLING v
chance of being selected.

randomly selecting a number of samples from the population.

Every member of the population has an equal chance of being
chosen. These can include assigning numbers to all subjects
Simple Random c and then using a random number generator to choose random
Sampling v numbers. Classic ball and urn experiments are another
example of this process (assuming the balls are sufficiently
mixed). The members whose numbers are chosen are included
in the sample .
 choosing every kth element in the population. For
example, you could choose every 10th person listed.
Systematic Random c
Sampling v
N  population 
K
n  sample 

involves splitting subjects into mutually exclusive groups and

then using simple random sampling to choose members from
groups; dividing the population into strata then choosing
Stratified Random c randomly from each stratum.
Sampling - v
n  sample 
P ( percentage) 
N  population 
 is a way to randomly select participants from a list that is too
large for simple random sampling; the process of dividing
into clusters and then choosing a cluster (or clusters) in
c which all members of the chosen cluster(s) will be part of
Cluster Sampling
v the sample.
For example, if you wanted to choose 1000 participants from
the entire population of the Philippines, it is likely
impossible to get a complete list of everyone. Instead, the
researcher randomly selects areas (i.e. cities or counties) and
randomly selects from within those boundaries.

c uses a combination of simple random, systematic, stratified,

Multi-stage Sampling- - v
and cluster sampling; the selection of samples where the
sampling is done in stages or levels using smaller and
smaller sampling units at each stage or level.
 Identify which sampling technique is
TRY! used in the following situations.

From a list containing the names of 500 members of

an alumni association, a sample size of 50 is
obtained by including every 10th person on the list

Answer: Systematic Sampling

 Identify which sampling technique is
TRY! used in the following situations.

The students in a given school are classified according to

year level. Twenty students from each group will be
randomly chosen to participate in a study involving
students’ study habits.
Answer: Stratified Sampling
 Identify which sampling technique is
TRY! used in the following situations.

All the students who belong to ten chosen sections in

ADZU Senior High School will participate in a study
designed to improve students’ critical thinking skills in
solving puzzles.
Answer: Cluster Sampling
 Identify which sampling technique is
TRY! used in the following situations.

A survey on the satisfaction of homeowners living in a certain

subdivision with the security features in their place is to be conducted.
A sample of 100 homeowners will be drawn for this survey by
assigning a number from 1 to 1,000 to the homeowners based on an
alphabetical list. One hundred random numbers are generated using a
random number generator available on the Internet and these will be
used to determine the homeowners who will participate in the survey.

Answer: Simple Random Sampling

 PARAMETER VS. STATISTIC
Statistic – summary measure
Parameter – summary measure
obtained from the sample.
obtained from the population.
 Identify the parameter and the statistic
TRY!
In a class of 40 students, the average IQ is 110. On the
other hand, a group of ten students is randomly chosen and
their average IQ is 113.
Answer:
Parameter: In a class of 40 students, the average IQ is 110. ()
Statistic: A group of ten students is randomly chosen and their
average IQ is
113. (
TRY! Identify the parameter and the statistic

In the same class of 40 students consisting of 24 girls and 16

boys, the proportion and girls to boys is 0.6. If 12 students are
randomly chosen and the sample included 8 girls, then the
proportion of girls in the sample is approximately 0.67.

Answer:
Parameter: In the same class of 40 students consisting of 24 girls and 16 boys,
the proportion and girls to boys is 0.6. ()
Statistic: If 12 students are randomly chosen and the sample included 8 girls,
then the proportion of girls in the sample is approximately 0.67. ()
TRY! Identify the parameter and the statistic

A researcher wants to estimate the average height of women

aged 20 years or older. From a simple random sample of 45
women, the researcher obtains a sample mean height of 63.9
inches.
Answer:
Statistic: From a simple random sample of 45 women, the
researcher obtains a sample mean height of 63.9 inches. (
 Identify the parameter and the statistic
TRY!
A nutritionist wants to estimate the mean amount of sodium
consumed by children under the age of 10. From a random
sample of 75 children under the age of 10, the nutritionist
obtains a sample mean of 2993 milligrams of sodium consumed.

Answer:
Statistic: From a random sample of 75 children under the
age of 10, the nutritionist obtains a sample mean of 2993
milligrams of sodium consumed. (
Thank you