It is used to take decision based on a single condition

Syntax:

False

True

If condition is True; control will enter the if block

If condition is False; control will execute statement followed by if block
Flow Chart:

True False
Example: Read marks from user and state only if user is pass.
It is used to take decision based on a single condition

Syntax:

False
True
Flow Chart:

True False
The if else statement has one condition and two statement blocks-
True block and False block

If condition is True; control will execute the statement in the true

block

If condition is False; control will execute the statement in false

block
Example: Read marks from user and state whether student is Pass or Fail
It is used to take decision based on two conditions.

Syntax:
Flow Chart:

True False

If within else
Example:
The Nested if can be inside the if-part or else-part

Syntax:
Flow Chart:

True False

If within else
Flow Chart:

True False

If within else
Example:
Example:
A switch statement is used to test many conditions

Syntax:
 Start
Flow Chart:

Variable or Expression

Case A Case A Statements

True
False

Case B Case B Statements

True
False

… Case C Statements
True
False

default Default Statements

End
 Start
Flow Chart:
Variable or Expression

Case A Case A Statements

True
break;
False

Case B Case B Statements

True
break;
False

… Case C Statements
True break;
False

default Default Statements

End
Example:
-In iti alizati on
-Con diti on ch ecking
-Executi on
-In crement / Decrement
Entry Controlled Exit Controlled
Condition is checked at the entry of the Condition is checked at the exit of the
loop loop
If condition is initially false, the loop If condition is initially false, then also the
never executes loop executes at least once

i=1; i=1;
while(i==0) do
{ {
System.out.println(“In While System.out.println(“In While loop”);
loop”); } while(i==0);
} System.out.println(“out of the loop”);
System.out.println(“out of the
loop”); Output:
In while loop
Output: Out of the loop
Out of the loop

Example- for, while Example – do-while

Initialization Statement is used
to initialize a variable/ counter.
The condition statement controls
the execution of loop

The loop executes till

the condition statement is true
The execution statements are
the main body of a loop

All action statements of loop

are written here
This section is used
increment todecrement
or variable value
the
 Output

Variable i in memory
 Output Condition
is True
1

Variable i in memory
 Check it
out here
Output
1
1

Variable i in memory
 Check it
out Output
here
1
2
i

Variable i in memory
 Output Condition is
checked again
1
2

Variable i in memory
 Output Condition
is True
1
2

Variable i in memory
 Check it
out here
Output
1
2 2
i

Variable i in memory
 Check it
out Output
here
1
3 2
i

Variable i in memory
 Output Condition is
checked again
1
3 2
i

Variable i in memory
 Output Condition
is True
1
3 2
i

Variable i in memory
 Check it
out here
Output
1
3 2
3
i

Variable i in memory
 Check it
out Output
here
1
4 2
3
i

Variable i in memory
 Output Condition is
checked again
1
4 2
3
i

Variable i in memory
 Output Condition
is True
1
4 2
3
i

Variable i in memory
 Check it
out here
Output
1
4 2
3
i
4

Variable i in memory
 Check it
out Output
here
1
5 2
3
i
4

Variable i in memory
 Output Condition is
checked again
1
5 2
3
i
4

Variable i in memory
This process will continue till the condition become false

Suppose value of i is 9 now

 Output Condition
is True
1
9 2
3
i
4
5
Variable i in memory 6
7
8
 Check it
out here
Output
1
9 2
3
i
4
5
Variable i in memory 6
7
8
9
 Check it
out Output
here
1
10 2
3
i
4
5
Variable i in memory 6
7
8
9
 Output Condition is
checked again
1
10 2
3
i
4
5
Variable i in memory 6
7
8
9
 Output Condition
is Still True
1
10 2
3
i
4
5
Variable i in memory 6
7
8
9
 Check it
out here
Output
1
10 2
3
i
4
5
Variable i in memory 6
7
8
9
10
 Check it
out Output
here
1
11 2
3
i
4
5
Variable i in memory 6
7
8
9
10
 Output Condition is
checked again
1
11 2
3
i
4
5
Variable i in memory 6
7
8
9
10
 Output Condition
is FALSE
1
11 2
3
i
4
5
Variable i in memory 6
7
8
9
10
 Output
1
11 2
3
i
4
5
Variable i in memory 6
7
8
9
Skip the body of
10
the lop and
executes the
statement just
after the loop
 Final value of i
after the
complete loop Output

1
11 2
3
i
4
5
Variable i in memory 6
7
8
9
10
 Output Final output of
the loop
1
11 2
3
i
4
5
Variable i in memory 6
7
8
9
10
Initialization Statement is used to initialize a variable/ counter.
The condition statement controls the execution of loop
The loop executes till the condition statement is true
This section is used to increment or decrement the variable value
The execution statements are the main body of a loop
All action statements of loop are written here
 Output Initialization

Variable i in memory
 Condition
Output
is True

Variable i in memory
 Check it
out here
Output
1
1

Variable i in memory
 Check it increment
out Output
here
1
2
i

Variable i in memory
 Condition is
Output checked again
1
2

Variable i in memory
 Condition
Output
is True
1
2

Variable i in memory
 Check it
out here
Output
1
2 2
i

Variable i in memory
 Check it
out Output
here
1
3 2
i

Variable i in memory
 Condition is
Output checked again
1
3 2
i

Variable i in memory
 Condition
Output is True
1
3 2
i

Variable i in memory
 Check it
out here
Output
1
3 2
3
i

Variable i in memory
 Check it
out Output
here
1
4 2
3
i

Variable i in memory
 Condition is
Output checked again
1
4 2
3
i

Variable i in memory
 Condition
Output
is True
1
4 2
3
i

Variable i in memory
 Check it
out here
Output
1
4 2
3
i
4

Variable i in memory
 Check it
out Output
here
1
5 2
3
i
4

Variable i in memory
 Output Condition is
checked again
1
5 2
3
i
4

Variable i in memory
This process will continue till the condition become false

Suppose value of i is 9 now

 Condition
Output is True
1
9 2
3
i
4
5
Variable i in memory 6
7
8
 Check it
out here
Output
1
9 2
3
i
4
5
Variable i in memory 6
7
8
9
 Check it
out Output
here
1
10 2
3
i
4
5
Variable i in memory 6
7
8
9
 Condition is
Output checked again
1
10 2
3
i
4
5
Variable i in memory 6
7
8
9
 Condition
Output is Still True

1
10 2
3
i
4
5
Variable i in memory 6
7
8
9
 Check it
out here
Output
1
10 2
3
i
4
5
Variable i in memory 6
7
8
9
10
 Check it
out Output
here
1
11 2
3
i
4
5
Variable i in memory 6
7
8
9
10
 Condition is
Output checked again
1
11 2
3
i
4
5
Variable i in memory 6
7
8
9
10
 Output Condition
is FALSE
1
11 2
3
i
4
5
Variable i in memory 6
7
8
9
10
 Output
1
11 2
3
i
4
5
Variable i in memory 6
7
8
9
Skip the body of
10
the lop and
executes the
statement just
after the loop
 Final value of i
after the
complete loop Output

1
11 2
3
i
4
5
Variable i in memory 6
7
8
9
10
 Output Final output of
the loop
1
11 2
3
i
4
5
Variable i in memory 6
7
8
9
10
Initialization Statement is used
to initialize a variable/ counter.
The condition statement controls
the execution of loop

The loop executes till

the condition statement is true
The execution statements are
the main body of a loop

All action statements of loop

are written here
This section is used
increment todecrement
or variable value
the
 Output

Variable i in memory
 No condition
Output checking at entry of
the loop
1

Variable i in memory
 Check it
out here
Output
1
1

Variable i in memory
 Check it
out Output
here
1
2
i

Variable i in memory
 Output
1
2

i
Condition is
checked again
Variable i in memory
 Output
1
2

i Condition
is True

Variable i in memory
 Check it
out here
Output
1
2 2
i

Variable i in memory
 Check it
out Output
here
1
3 2
i

Variable i in memory
 Output
1
3 2
i Condition is
checked again
Variable i in memory
 Output
1
3 2
i
Condition
is True
Variable i in memory
 Check it
out here
Output
1
3 2
3
i

Variable i in memory
 Check it
out Output
here
1
4 2
3
i

Variable i in memory
 Output
1
4 2
3
i Condition is
checked again
Variable i in memory
 Output
1
4 2
3
i

Variable i in memory Condition

is True
 Check it
out here
Output
1
4 2
3
i
4

Variable i in memory
 Check it
out Output
here
1
5 2
3
i
4

Variable i in memory
 Output
1
5 2
3
i Condition is
4
checked again
Variable i in memory
This process will continue till the condition become false

Suppose value of i is 9 now

 Output
1
9 2
3
i
4
5 Condition
Variable i in memory 6 is True
7
8
 Check it
out here
Output
1
9 2
3
i
4
5
Variable i in memory 6
7
8
9
 Check it
out Output
here
1
10 2
3
i
4
5
Variable i in memory 6
7
8
9
 Output
1
10 2
3
i
4 Condition is
5 checked again
Variable i in memory 6
7
8
9
 Output
1
10 2
3
i Condition
4
is Still True
5
Variable i in memory 6
7
8
9
 Check it
out here
Output
1
10 2
3
i
4
5
Variable i in memory 6
7
8
9
10
 Check it
out Output
here
1
11 2
3
i
4
5
Variable i in memory 6
7
8
9
10
 Output Condition is
checked again
1
11 2
3
i
4
5
Variable i in memory 6
7
8
9
10
 Output
1
11 2
3
i Condition
4
5 is FALSE
Variable i in memory 6
7
8
9
10
 Output
1
11 2
3
i
4
5
Variable i in memory 6
7
Stop the
execution of the 98
loop and
10
executes the
statement just
after the
loop
 Final value of i
after the
complete loop Output

1
11 2
3
i
4
5
Variable i in memory 6
7
8
9
10
 Output Final output of
the loop
1
11 2
3
i
4
5
Variable i in memory 6
7
8
9
10