ELEMEN STRUKTUR BAJA
COMPRESSION MEMBERS
Aniendhita Rizki Amalia
GENERAL
There are several types of compression members as follows:
1. Column
2. The top chords of trusses
3. Bracing members
4. Strut
5. Compression flanges
6. etc
Steel Structure
column
beam
bracing
Failure in buckling modes
Flexural (Euler) buckling: members are subjected to flexure or bending, where they
become unstable.
Local buckling: some parts of the cross section a column are so thin that they buckle
locally in compression before the other modes of buckling can occurs.
Flexural torsional buckling: columns fail by twisiting (torsional)
Flexural (Euler) buckling
Local Buckling
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Flexural torsional buckling
Tendency to buckle
The longer of a column becomes for the same cross section, the
greater becomes its tendency to buckle and the smaller becomes the
load it will support.
The tendency of a member to buckle is usually measured by its
slenderness ratio. (ratio of the member length to its radius of
gyration)
L
i
And also affected by:
Types of ends connection
Eccentricity of load application
Imperfection of column material
Initial crookedness of column
Residual stress from manufacture
Loading condition
The ideal situation is for the loads to be applied uniformly across the column, with the
center gravity of the loads coinciding with the center gravity of the column.
Loads that are centered over a column are referred to as axial or concentric load.
The other desirable situations are also impossible to achieve
because of following condition:
Imperfections of cross-sectional dimension
Residual stresses
Holes punches for bolts
Erection stresses and transverse load
Obviously , a column is a more critical member in a structure
than is a beam or tension member, because minor imperfection
mean a great deal (ex : bridge truss)
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Residual stresses
Residual stresses and their distribution are very important factor affecting the strength of
axially loaded steel column.
A major cause of residual stress is the uneven cooling of shapes after hot rolling. f R value
use is 70 Mpa for hot rolled
In columns, welding can produce severe residual stresses that actually may approach the
yield point in the vicinity of the weld.
Residual stresses may also caused during fabrication when cambering is performed by cold
bending.
SECTION USED FOR COLUMNS
THE EULER FORMULA
Assume that: Frame is really straight and slender, concentric loaded, homogenous material,
pinned ends.
EXAMPLE - 1
END RESTRAINT AND EFFECTIVE
LENGTH OF COLUMN
The effective length of a column is defined in the previous section as the distance between
inflection point, in steel specification the effective length of a column is referred to as KL,
where K is effective length factor.
Obviously, the smaller the effective length of particular column, the smaller its danger of
lateral buckling and greater its load carrying capacity.
Approximate value of effective length factor
STIFFENED AND UNSTIFFENED
MEMBER
LONG, SHORT AND INTERMEDIATE
COLUMN
MAXIMUM SLENDERNESS RATIO
KL/r < 200
LATIHAN – 1(LANGSING/TIDAK LANGSING)
Cek apakah batang – batang dibawah ini masuk dalam langsing/tidak langsing
menurut SNI 03-1729-2002 Tabel 7.5-1
1. WF 900.300.16.28
2. WF 100.100.6.8
Jika diketahui:
Angka NRP terakhir
1&6 - BJ 34
2&7 - BJ 37
3&8 - BJ 41
4&9 - BJ 50
5&10 - BJ 55
Berikan kesimpulan atas hasil di atas.
LATIHAN - 2 (KATEGORI KOLOM)
Jika diketahui ; Ebaja = 200.000 MPa
Kolom dengan profil WF 400.400.18.28 ; BJ 37
NRP Ganjil: A= jepit ; B= sendi
B
Genap: A=sendi ; B= sendi
L = (Angka kedua dari akhir NRP) m, 0 = 10 m
Tentukan nilai:
1. Kc (Gambar 7.6-1) – gunakan yg kondisi ideal
L 2. Lk
3. ix dan iy pada brosur dan temukan nilai terhadap
sumbu x dan sumbu y
jika = L . Kc / i
A 4. c (Rumus 7.6-2)
5. Maka kolom tersebut akan masuk dalam kategori
LATIHAN - 3
Tentukan nilai Pu yang dapat ditanggung oleh kolom tersebut
Jika diketahui beban hidup sebesar 100 N berapakah beban mati yang dapat
ditanggung.
LATIHAN 4
Untuk angka terakhir
1 & 2 – WF 250.250.9.14
3 & 4 – WF 200.200.8.12
5 & 6 – WF 300.300.10.15
7 & 8 – WF 350.350.12.19
9 & 10 – WF 400.400.13.2
LATIHAN - 4 (KATEGORI KOLOM)
Jika diketahui: Ebaja = 200.000 MPa ; BJ 50
A= Jepit ; B= Jepit
B L= 3 m
Tentukan nilai:
1. Kc (Gambar 7.6-1)
2. Lk
3. terhadap sumbu x dan sumbu y
L
jika = L . Kc / i
4. c (Rumus 7.6-2)
5. Maka kolom tersebut akan masuk dalam kategori kolom
pendek / menengah / panjang
A
LATIHAN - 5
Tentukan nilai kuat tekan nominal dari kolom pada soal Latihan – 3
Tentukan nilai Pu yang dapat ditanggung oleh kolom tersebut
Latihan desain kolom
Jika diketahui
B A=jepit ; B=sendi
PD = 30 ton
PL = angka terakhir NRP x 5 (ton), 0=10 ton
Mutu baja BJ 37
E baja = 200.000 Mpa
L=4m
L Rencanakan profil tersebut dengan langkah sebagai berikut:
1. Dapatkan Pu beban rencana
2. Tentukan nilai Lk dimana Lk = kc . L
3. Estimasikan nilai , kemudian hitung c dan
4. Coba profil dan control kelangsingannya
5. Tentukan c dan profil
A 6. Kontrol kekuatan nominal Pn dan kuat rencana ØPn.
Latihan struktur
Diketahui
Kolom 1 (KL1) = WF 300.300.10.15
Kolom 2 (KL2) = WF 350.350.12.19
Balok 1 (BL1) = WF 350.175.7.11
Balok 2 (BL2) = WF 350.175.6.9
Mutu baja : BJ 41; E baja = 200000 MPa
Tentukan:
1. GA – GB; kc ; Lk ; dan masing – masing sumbu x dan y
2. Tentukan c dan
3. Tentukan kuat nominal dan kuat rencana kolom
