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    Energy Transfer in Ecosystems

    Uploaded by

    Paige Polk
    - Producers like plants convert solar energy through photosynthesis to add biomass to ecosystems. - Consumers obtain energy by eating producers or other consumers. Herbivores eat producers, carnivores eat consumers, and omnivores eat both. - Decomposers break down waste and dead organisms, releasing nutrients back into the environment. - Energy and nutrients transfer between trophic levels in an ecosystem, typically with only 10% of energy being transferred between each level. This is demonstrated through ecological pyramids and food webs.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Energy Transfer in Ecosystems

    Uploaded by

    Paige Polk
    159 views18 pages
    - Producers like plants convert solar energy through photosynthesis to add biomass to ecosystems. - Consumers obtain energy by eating producers or other consumers. Herbivores eat producers, carnivores eat consumers, and omnivores eat both. - Decomposers break down waste and dead organisms, releasing nutrients back into the environment. - Energy and nutrients transfer between trophic levels in an ecosystem, typically with only 10% of energy being transferred between each level. This is demonstrated through ecological pyramids and food webs.

    Original Description:

    8th grade powerpoint to introduce energy transfer in ecosystems

    Original Title

    energy transfer in ecosystems

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    - Producers like plants convert solar energy through photosynthesis to add biomass to ecosystems. - Consumers obtain energy by eating producers or other consumers. Herbivores eat producers, carnivores eat consumers, and omnivores eat both. - Decomposers break down waste and dead organisms, releasing nutrients back into the environment. - Energy and nutrients transfer between trophic levels in an ecosystem, typically with only 10% of energy being transferred between each level. This is demonstrated through ecological pyramids and food webs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    159 views18 pages

    Energy Transfer in Ecosystems

    Uploaded by

    Paige Polk
    - Producers like plants convert solar energy through photosynthesis to add biomass to ecosystems. - Consumers obtain energy by eating producers or other consumers. Herbivores eat producers, carnivores eat consumers, and omnivores eat both. - Decomposers break down waste and dead organisms, releasing nutrients back into the environment. - Energy and nutrients transfer between trophic levels in an ecosystem, typically with only 10% of energy being transferred between each level. This is demonstrated through ecological pyramids and food webs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    Energy Transfer in Ecosystems

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bW7PlTaawfQ
    An ecosystem is…
    • All of the biotic and abiotic components of an
    area
    Ecosystem
    • The amount of energy an ecosystem
    receives has an effect on its makeup

    • All energy entering the ecosystem from


    the sun or other abiotic factors needs to be
    converted to be useful to other organisms
    Producers…
    • Are autotrophs that convert energy entering the
    ecosystem so other organisms can use it
    – Ex. Plants, protists, bacteria, algae
    • Most use solar energy to do photosynthesis.
    • Producers add biomass to an ecosystem
    – Biomass is all of the organic material in an ecosystem
    available to organisms
    All organisms play a role in their ecosystem:
    • Consumers (Heterotroph)
    – Can’t make its own food
    – Gets energy from eating other organisms
    1. Herbivores – eats plants
    2. Carnivores – eats animals
    3. Omnivores – eats plants & animals
    • Scavengers – eats dead animals
    Amount of producers will affect the types
    of consumers present in the ecosystem
    • Consumers are heterotrophs that must eat other
    organisms for nutrition

    • Consumers are grouped according to their food


    consumption:
    – Herbivores eat producers
    – Carnivores eat other consumers
    – Omnivores eat both producers and consumers
    – Detritivores eat wastes and parts of dead consumers and
    producers. Some detritivores are decomposers
    • Decomposers are bacteria and fungi that decay any living material
    All organisms play a role in their
    ecosystem:
    • Decomposers
    – Break down waste and dead organisms to
    return raw materials to the environment
    • Ex: bacteria, fungi, worms
    What kind of consumer?

    HERBIVORE
    DECOMPOSER

    OMNIVORE HERBIVORE CARNIVORE


    All ecosystems have energy flow caused
    by organisms eating one another
    • Energy flows through ecosystems from
    producers to consumers
    • Energy flow can be diagrammed in many
    ways including:
    – Ecological Pyramids
    • Trophic Level Diagrams
    • Energy Pyramids
    – Food chains
    – Food webs
    Trophic Levels
    • Trophic levels
    are the levels
    of nourishment
    in a food chain.
    Trophic Levels
     Producers
    Basis of all trophic
    levels.
     Primary consumers
    herbivores
     Secondary consumers
    carnivores that eat
    herbivores.
     Tertiary consumers
    carnivores that eat
    secondary consumers.
     Omnivores
    May be listed at different
    trophic levels in different
    food chains.
    Trophic level diagrams
    • An organism’s trophic level shows
    their position in the sequence of
    energy flow
    • Producers belong to the 1st trophic
    level (are most abundant)
    • Herbivores belong to the 2nd
    trophic level (also called primary
    consumers)
    • Predators of herbivores belong to
    the 3rd trophic level (also called
    secondary consumers)
    • Most ecosystems only have 3 or 4
    trophic levels
    Energy Pyramid
    RULE OF 10
    • Energy pyramids show how
    much energy is passed from
    one trophic level to the next
    • On average 10% of all
    energy consumed can be
    passed on to the next
    trophic level, but it can be
    as low as 1% or as high as
    20%
    • Most energy consumed
    contributes to maintaining
    homeostasis, respiration,
    growth, and reproduction
    Food Chains
    • Food chains are single
    pathways of energy
    transfer.
    • The arrows represent the
    way the energy is flowing.
    • So the energy is flowing
    from the frog to the snake
    in this food chain
    • Food chains are too simple
    to encompass a whole
    ecosystems interactions
    Food webs

    • Food webs are made of many interacting food chains.


    • More accurate than food chains since most organisms feed on
    more than one thing and are eaten by more than one thing
    • If one part of the food web in lost there can be serious
    consequences for the entire ecosystem

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