REVIEW
• A scientist takes a big bucket of water
from a lake and counts how many species
of bacteria, bugs, and other creepy
crawlies he finds in the bucket. Identify the
population and the sample?
REVIEW
• A school takes a poll to find out what students
want to eat at lunch. 70 students are randomly
chosen to answer the poll questions. What are
the population and the sample ?
VARIABLE
Is a characteristic of interest measurable on
each and every individual in the universe,
denoted by capital letter in the English
Alphabet, is called a variable
TYPES OF VARIABLE
Qualitative Variable- consist of categories or
attributes, which have non- numerical characteristics
Quantitative Variable- consist of numbers
representing counts or measurements
CLASSIFICATION OF
QUANTITATIVE VARIABLE/ DATA
Continuous Data – This arise Discrete Data – This is
from measurement of a characterized by gaps for
continuous variable which no real values may be
obtained. They are made up of
Example: weights of children, items the values of which have
school achievement, IQ, been obtained by counting
heights of children
Example: school enrolment,
number of books
Which of these are continuous (C) and which
are discrete (D)?
a) A stack of coins: ______
b) The distance from here to the
Moon: ______
Which of these are continuous (C) and which
are discrete (D)?
c) A bag of apples: ______
d) Apple sauce: ______
Which of these are continuous (C) and which
are discrete (D)?
d) A dozen eggs: _______
e) 60 minutes: _______
Which of these are continuous (C) and which
are discrete (D)?
f) Pearls on a necklace: _______
g) The area of a circle: ____
✔ Another way to classify data is to use four
levels of measurement
✔ The level of measurement of data determines
the algebraic operations that can be
performed and the statistical tools that can be
applied to the data set.
The following are the four levels:
❖ Nominal
❖Ordinal
❖Interval
❖Ratio
The following are the four levels:
Level 1
Nominal is characterized by data that consist of
names, labels, or categories only. The data
cannot be arranged in an ordering scheme
Ex. Name, religion, civil status, address, sex,
degree program
The following are the four levels:
Level 2
Ordinal involves data that may be arranged in
some order, but differences between data
values either cannot be determined or are
meaningless
Example; military rank, job position, year level
The following are the four levels:
Level 3
Interval is like the ordinal level, with the
additional property that meaningful amounts
of differences between data can be
determined. However, there is no
inherent( natural ) zero starting point
Example: IQ score,Temperature
The following are the four levels:
Level 4
Ratio is the interval level modified to
include the inherent zero starting point.
For values at this level, differences and
ratios are meaningful
Example: height, width, area, weekly
allowance
Which are discrete and which are continuous
data in the following statements?
1.The heaviest package
received last week was 10.7
kilos
Which are discrete and which are continuous
data in the following statements?
2. The maximum temperature in Cebu
on Dec 1, 1990 according to the
weather newscaster was 92.2 0C
Which are discrete and which are continuous
data in the following statements?
3. In the city of Olongapo, a total of 300
fires were reported by the Olongapo Fire
Department to have occurred during the
year 1975
Which are discrete and which are continuous
data in the following statements?
4. Engineer Cano’s reported
income for the past year was P
120,175.75
Which are discrete and which are continuous
data in the following statements?
5. Only 3,205 applicants passed the
Institute of Engineering Entrance
Test in PUP
Which are discrete and which are continuous
data in the following statements?
6. I bought a can of peaches
which weighs 1.45 kg
Which are discrete and which are continuous
data in the following statements?
7. Nissan Motor Corporation
reported it sold 458 cars and 439
trucks during the past 8 months
Which are discrete and which are continuous
data in the following statements?
8. The destructive typhoon Sisang before
Christmas compelled the Aquino Government
to declare a state of calamity in 15 areas,
including Metro Manila
Which are discrete and which are continuous
data in the following statements?
9. Romeo Dela Rosa
died at the age of 67
Which are discrete and which are continuous
data in the following statements?
10. The steel platform
can support a weight of
350 tons.
Let us have a practical example…
You are traveling from Las Pinas
to SM MOA describe 3 discrete
and 3 continuous data examples
you might encounter during your
trip.
Let us summarize
▪ What is the difference between discrete and
continuous variable?
▪ What is an example of discrete variable?
Continuous variable?
▪ Is height and weight continuous variable?
▪ Is age discrete or continuous ?
▪ Is volume discrete or continuous ?
▪ What is the difference between discrete and
continuous data?
Indicate which of the following variables fall
into continuous and which into discrete
series
Time
Indicate which of the following variables fall
into continuous and which into discrete
series
Salaries in a large
business firm
Indicate which of the following variables fall
into continuous and which into discrete
series
Sizes of high
school classes
Indicate which of the following variables fall
into continuous and which into discrete
series
Age
Indicate which of the following variables fall
into continuous and which into discrete
series
Census data
Indicate which of the following variables fall
into continuous and which into discrete
series
Distance travelled by car
Indicate which of the following variables fall
into continuous and which into discrete
series
Football scores
Indicate which of the following variables fall
into continuous and which into discrete
series
Weight
Indicate which of the following variables fall
into continuous and which into discrete
series
Number of pages in 100
books
Indicate which of the following variables fall
into continuous and which into discrete
series
Mental ages
Indicate which of the following variables fall
into continuous and which into discrete
series
Vital statistics
Indicate which of the following variables fall
into continuous and which into discrete
series
Weight in pounds
Indicate which of the following variables fall
into continuous and which into discrete
series
Intelligence Quotient
Indicate which of the following variables fall
into continuous and which into discrete
series
Weight in centimeters
Indicate which of the following variables fall
into continuous and which into discrete
series
Height of a child
Indicate which of the following variables fall
into continuous and which into discrete
series
School grade
Indicate which of the following variables fall
into continuous and which into discrete
series
Average grade in Math
Indicate which of the following variables fall
into continuous and which into discrete
series
Length of a ruler
Indicate whether the following
variables are nominal, ordinal,
interval or ratio.
1) Age
2) Height
3) Class standing (freshman,
sophomore, junior, senior)
4) Gender
5) Length of time it takes to get to
school
6) High temperature
.
7) Shirt size (small, medium, large)
8) Number of siblings
9) Country of birth
10) Eye color
11) Level of satisfaction with
bookstore
12) Income
13) Zip code
14) GPA
15.) conduct Awardee
Which of these are continuous (C) and
which are discrete (D)?
a) The volume of a sphere. ______
b) A gallon of water. ______
Length of 1 yard
c) Molecules of water. _______
d) The acceleration of a car as it goes
from 0 to 60 mph. ______
e) The changing shape of a balloon
as it’s being inflated. ______
Length of 1 yard
f) Sentences. ______
Which of these are continuous (C) and which are
discrete (D)?
a) The volume of a sphere. ______
b) A gallon of water. ______
c) Molecules of water. _______
d) The acceleration of a car as it goes from 0 to 60
mph. ______
e) The changing shape of a balloon as it’s being
inflated. ______
Length of 1 yard
f) Sentences. ______
g) Thoughts. ______
h) The height of corn plants. ______
i) The number of ears of corn produced. ______
j) The number of green M&M’s in a bag. ______
h) The height of corn plants.
______
i) The number of ears of corn
produced. ______
Length of 1 yard
j) The number of green M&M’s
in a bag. ______
